Scribd
Upload
193 views

Beer Materiales

The document discusses shear stresses in beams and thin-walled members. It introduces the concepts of shear stress and shear flow in beams. It provides equations to calculate shear stress and discusses the distribution of shear stresses in different beam types. Sample problems are also provided to demonstrate calculating shear stresses and designing beams based on allowable shear and normal stresses.

Uploaded by

nannybob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
193 views

Beer Materiales

The document discusses shear stresses in beams and thin-walled members. It introduces the concepts of shear stress and shear flow in beams. It provides equations to calculate shear stress and discusses the distribution of shear stresses in different beam types. Sample problems are also provided to demonstrate calculating shear stresses and designing beams based on allowable shear and normal stresses.

Uploaded by

nannybob
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Fourth Edition

CHAPTER

MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University

Shearing Stresses in
Beams and ThinWalled Members

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Shearing Stresses in Beams and
Thin-Walled Members
Introduction
Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element
Example 6.01
Determination of the Shearing Stress in a Beam
Shearing Stresses
Further Discussion of the Distribution of Stresses in a ...
Sample Problem 6.2
Longitudinal Shear on a Beam Element of Arbitrary Shape
Example 6.04
Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
Plastic Deformations
Sample Problem 6.3
Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members
Example 6.05
Example 6.06
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Introduction
Transverse loading applied to a beam
results in normal and shearing stresses in
transverse sections.
Distribution of normal and shearing
stresses satisfies
Fx x dA 0
Fy xy dA V
Fz xz dA 0

M x y xz z xy dA 0
M y z x dA 0
M z y x M

When shearing stresses are exerted on the


vertical faces of an element, equal stresses
must be exerted on the horizontal faces
Longitudinal shearing stresses must exist
in any member subjected to transverse
loading.
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element


Consider prismatic beam
For equilibrium of beam element

Fx 0 H D C dA
A

Note,

M D MC
y dA

I
A

Q y dA
A

M D MC

dM
x V x
dx

Substituting,
VQ
x
I
H VQ
q

shear flow
x
I
H

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Shear on the Horizontal Face of a Beam Element


Shear flow,
q

H VQ

shear flow
x
I

where
Q y dA
A

first moment of area above y1


I

2
y dA

A A'

second moment of full cross section

Same result found for lower area


H VQ

q
x
I
Q Q 0
q

first moment with respect


to neutral axis
H H
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Example 6.01
SOLUTION:
Determine the horizontal force per
unit length or shear flow q on the
lower surface of the upper plank.
Calculate the corresponding shear
force in each nail.
A beam is made of three planks,
nailed together. Knowing that the
spacing between nails is 25 mm and
that the vertical shear in the beam is
V = 500 N, determine the shear force
in each nail.

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Example 6.01
SOLUTION:
Determine the horizontal force per
unit length or shear flow q on the
lower surface of the upper plank.

Q Ay
0.020 m 0.100 m 0.060 m
120 106 m3
I

1 0.020 m 0.100 m 3
12
1 0.100 m 0.020 m 3
2[12

0.020 m 0.100 m 0.060 m 2 ]


16.20 10

VQ (500 N)(120 106 m3 )


q

I
16.20 10-6 m 4
3704 N
m

Calculate the corresponding shear


force in each nail for a nail spacing
of 25 mm.
F (0.025 m)q (0.025 m)(3704 N m
F 92.6 N

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Determination of the Shearing Stress in a Beam


The average shearing stress on the horizontal
face of the element is obtained by dividing the
shearing force on the element by the area of
the face.
H q x VQ x

A
A
I t x
VQ

It

ave

On the upper and lower surfaces of the beam,


yx= 0. It follows that xy= 0 on the upper and
lower edges of the transverse sections.
If the width of the beam is comparable or large
relative to its depth, the shearing stresses at D1
and D2 are significantly higher than at D.
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Shearing Stresses xy in Common Types of Beams


For a narrow rectangular beam,
VQ 3 V
y 2
xy

1 2

Ib 2 A
c
3V
max
2A

For American Standard (S-beam)


and wide-flange (W-beam) beams
VQ
It
V
max
Aweb

ave

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Further Discussion of the Distribution of


Stresses in a Narrow Rectangular Beam
Consider a narrow rectangular cantilever beam
subjected to load P at its free end:
3 P
y 2
xy
1 2

2 A
c

Pxy
I

Shearing stresses are independent of the distance


from the point of application of the load.
Normal strains and normal stresses are unaffected
by the shearing stresses.
From Saint-Venants principle, effects of the load
application mode are negligible except in immediate
vicinity of load application points.
Stress/strain deviations for distributed loads are
negligible for typical beam sections of interest.
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 6.2


SOLUTION:
Develop shear and bending moment
diagrams. Identify the maximums.
Determine the beam depth based on
allowable normal stress.
A timber beam is to support the three
concentrated loads shown. Knowing
that for the grade of timber used,
all 1800 psi

all 120 psi

determine the minimum required depth


d of the beam.

Determine the beam depth based on


allowable shear stress.
Required beam depth is equal to the
larger of the two depths found.

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 6.2


SOLUTION:
Develop shear and bending moment
diagrams. Identify the maximums.
Vmax 3 kips
M max 7.5 kip ft 90 kip in

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 6.2


Determine the beam depth based on allowable
normal stress.
all

M max
S

1800 psi

90 103 lb in.

0.5833 in. d 2

d 9.26 in.
1 bd3
I 12
I
S 16 b d 2
c

16 3.5 in. d 2
0.5833 in. d 2

Determine the beam depth based on allowable


shear stress.
3 Vmax
2 A
3 3000 lb
120 psi
2 3.5 in. d
d 10.71in.

all

Required beam depth is equal to the larger of the two.


d 10.71in.
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Longitudinal Shear on a Beam Element


of Arbitrary Shape
We have examined the distribution of
the vertical components xy on a
transverse section of a beam. We
now wish to consider the horizontal
components xz of the stresses.
Consider prismatic beam with an
element defined by the curved surface
CDDC.
Fx 0 H D C dA
a

Except for the differences in


integration areas, this is the same
result obtained before which led to
H

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

VQ
x
I

H VQ

x
I

Fourth

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Example 6.04
SOLUTION:
Determine the shear force per unit
length along each edge of the upper
plank.
Based on the spacing between nails,
determine the shear force in each
nail.
A square box beam is constructed from
four planks as shown. Knowing that the
spacing between nails is 1.5 in. and the
beam is subjected to a vertical shear of
magnitude V = 600 lb, determine the
shearing force in each nail.
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

You might also like