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Belt Drives

This document discusses belt drives, specifically V-belt drives. It covers typical belt drive configurations like open and crossed belt drives. It discusses belt tension and how initial tension prevents slipping under load. It then describes V-belt drives, including the nomenclature, standard belt sections, power ratings, and design considerations like service factors, pulley diameters, and selection of proper belt length. It provides equations for power transmission and sample problems to demonstrate selection of belt specifications given motor, load, and transmission parameters.

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macoi123
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422 views37 pages

Belt Drives

This document discusses belt drives, specifically V-belt drives. It covers typical belt drive configurations like open and crossed belt drives. It discusses belt tension and how initial tension prevents slipping under load. It then describes V-belt drives, including the nomenclature, standard belt sections, power ratings, and design considerations like service factors, pulley diameters, and selection of proper belt length. It provides equations for power transmission and sample problems to demonstrate selection of belt specifications given motor, load, and transmission parameters.

Uploaded by

macoi123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Belt Drives

Typical belt drives


open

belt drive -the rotation of both the


pulleys is in the same direction.

crossed belt drive-opposite direction of rotation is observed

Belt Tension
The

initial tension given to a belt ensures that the


belt will not slip under the design load.

At

rest, the two sides of the belt have the same


tension. As power is being transmitted, the tension
in the tight side increases while the tension in the
slack side decreases. Without the initial tension,
the slack side would go totally loose.

Belt tension

V - Belt Drives

Nomenclature of V-belt

A typical V-belt section is shown in Fig.13.3.1. The geometrical features of the belt section are
indicated in the figure. The pitch line, which is also marked as N-A, is the neutral axis of the belt
section. The design calculations for V-belt drives are based on the pitch line or the neutral axis.
These belts are available in various sections depending upon power rating.

The standard V-belt sections are A, B, C, D and E. The table below contains
design parameters for all the sections of V-belt.

As

for example, a single belt of B section may be sufficient


to transmit the power, instead of two belts of A section.
This may increase the cost as well as weight of the pulley,
as two- grooved pulley is required. In general, it is better
to choose that section for which the required power
transmission falls in the lower side of the given range.

Another

restriction of choice of belt section arises from


the view point of minimum pulley diameter. If a belt of
higher thickness (higher section) is used with a relatively
smaller pulley, then the bending stress on the belt will
increase, thereby shortening the belt life.

Designation of V belt

Inside length + X=Pitch Length

V- belt Equation
V-belts

have additional friction grip due to the presence of


wedge. Therefore, modification is needed in the equation
for belt tension. The equation is modified as,

Where

is the belt wedge angle

V-belt power rating

The power rating is given for different pitch diameter of the pulley and different pulley speeds
for an angle of wrap of 180.

V belt design factors

Service Factor
A

belt drive is designed based on the design power, which is the


modified required power. The modification factor is called the
service factor. The service factor depends on hours of running,
type of shock load expected and nature of duty.

Hence,
Design Power (P dcs) = service factor (C sev )* Required Power (P)
Csev = 1.1 to 1.8 for light to heavy shock.

Modification of kW rating

Power rating of a typical V-belt section requires modification, since, the ratings are given for
the conditions other than operating conditions. The factors are as follows,

Equivalent smaller pulley diameter

both the pulleys are not identical, hence to consider severity of flexing, equivalent
smaller pulley diameter is calculated based on speed ratio. The power rating of V-belt
is then estimated based on the equivalent smaller pulley diameter (). dES

Angle of wrap correction factor

Belt

length correction factor

There

is an optimum belt length for which the power rating of


a V-belt is given. Let, the belt length be small then, in a given
time it is stressed more than that for the optimum belt
length. Depending upon the amount of flexing in the belt in a
given time a belt length correction factor (CvL) is used in
modifying power rating.

Therefore,
Modified

incorporating the correction factors,

power rating of a belt (kW ) = Power rating of a belt


( kW) x Cvw x Cvl

Selection of V- belt

The transmission ratio of V belt drive is chosen within a range of 1:15

Depending on the power to be transmitted a convenient V-belt section is selected.

The belt speed of a V-belt drive should be around 20m/s to 25 m/s, but should not
exceed 30 m/s.

From the speed ratio, and chosen belt speed, pulley diameters are to be selected from
the standard sizes available.

Depending on available space the center distance is selected, however, as a guideline,

The belt pitch length can be calculated if C, dL and dS are known. Corresponding inside
length then can be obtained from the given belt geometry. Nearest standard length,
selected from the design table, is the required belt length.

above,

the design power and modified power rating of a belt


can be obtained. Therefore,

Sample problem A pump is driven by an electric motor through a open type flat
belt drive. Determine the belt specifications for the following data.

Motor pulley diameter(dS) = 300 mm,

Pump pulley diameter(dL) = 600 mm

Coefficient of friction (S) for motor pulley = 0.25

Coefficient of friction (L) for pump pulley = 0.20

Center distance between the pulleys=1000 mm

; Rotational speed of the motor=1440 rpm;

Power transmission = 20kW

; density of belt material ()= 1000 kg/m3 ;

allowable stress for the belt material () = 2 MPa;

thickness of the belt = 5mm.

Solution:

Determination of angle of wrap


= sin-1[(dl-ds)/2C]
= 8.63o
L = 180+ 2 = 197.25o
= 3.44 rad
S =180- 2 = 162.75o
=2.84 rad

Length of Open Belt

L o=

(/2) (dL + ds ) + 2C +(1/4C) (dL dS)2

= ( /2)( 600 + 300 )+ 2000 + (1/ 4000 )(600-300)2


= 3436 mm
V=

[( x300 x 1440)/ (60 x1000)]


= 22.62 m/s

m=

bt = (b/103)x (5/ 103) x 103


= 0.005 kg/m

mv2=

2.56 x bN

Now,

s S =

0.25 x2.84
=0.71

LL = 0.20 x 3.44
= 0.688

Therefore,

Larger pulley governs the design


(T1-2.56b)/ (T2-2.56b) = e0.688= 1.99.(1)

Power equation
P=

(T1-T2) x v

Therefore,

Putting data,
(T1-T2)= 884.17N . (2)
Again, T1= 2xbx5N
=10bN (from permissible stress) (3)

From (1), (2) and (3), solving for b,


b

240 mm

Hence,

the required belt dimensions are,

Length= 3436mm
breadth= 240 mm
thickness= 5mm

Sample Problem

Design a flat belt drive for the following data:


Drive: AC motor, operating speed is 1440 rpm and
operates for over 10 hours.
The equipment driven is a compressor, which runs at 900
rpm and the required power transmission is 20 kW.

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