Scribd
Upload
163 views

Ethernet (802 3)

IEEE 802.3 defines Ethernet standards for local area networks. It specifies the data link layer, including the logical link control (LLC) sublayer, which provides flow control and error handling for all IEEE LANs, and the media access control (MAC) sublayer, which defines the specific access method for each type of LAN. Traditional Ethernet uses carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to coordinate network access and minimize collisions. Ethernet has evolved through several generations from the original 10 Mbps standard to now support speeds up to 1 Gbps through implementations like Fast Ethernet at 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet.

Uploaded by

miphy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
163 views

Ethernet (802 3)

IEEE 802.3 defines Ethernet standards for local area networks. It specifies the data link layer, including the logical link control (LLC) sublayer, which provides flow control and error handling for all IEEE LANs, and the media access control (MAC) sublayer, which defines the specific access method for each type of LAN. Traditional Ethernet uses carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) to coordinate network access and minimize collisions. Ethernet has evolved through several generations from the original 10 Mbps standard to now support speeds up to 1 Gbps through implementations like Fast Ethernet at 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet.

Uploaded by

miphy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Ethernet (802.

3)

IEEE standard for LANs

LLC flow control, error control, part of framing. Provides one single data link
control for all IEEE LANs
MAC Defines the specific access method for each type of LAN (Ethernet
CSMA/CD, Token Ring and Token Bus-Token Passing). Provides part of framing
function.

Project 802 and OSI Model

Data Link Layer Sub layers


Logical Link Control (LLC) upper layer
Handles logical addressing, control information and data
Medium Access Control (MAC) lower layer
Proprietary to specific LAN product (e.g. Ethernet, Token Ring,
Token Bus, etc.)
Resolves contention for the medium, provides synchronization,
flow control, physical addressing, and error control
specifications

Normal Ethernet Operation

Ethernet Collisions

CSMA/CD
A network station wishing to transmit will first check the cable plant to
ensure that no other station is currently transmitting (CARRIER
SENSE).
The communications medium is one cable, therefore, it does allow
multiple stations access to it with all being able to transmit and receive
on the same cable (MULTIPLE ACCESS).
Error detection is implemented throughout the use of a station
"listening" while it is transmitting its data.
o A jam signal is transmitted to network by the transmitting stations

that
collision. All

detected the collision, to ensure that all stations know of the


stations will "back off" for a random time.
o Detection and retransmission is accomplished in microseconds.
o Two or more stations transmitting causes a collision (COLLISION
DETECTION)

Traditional Ethernet (802.3)


Overlapping signals are referred to as collisions
Increased stations

Increased traffic

More collisions

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision


Detection (CSMA/CD) is used to coordinate traffic,
minimize collisions, and maximize number of frames
delivered successfully

802.3 MAC frame

Preamblealert and synchronize the receiving system to coming frame


SFD-signals beginning of frame
DA- physical address of the destination
SA-physical address of the sender
Length or Type-type: define upper layer protocol, length: the number
of bytes in data field
Data-data encapsulated from upper layer (min 46 and max 1500 bytes)
CRC-error detection information

Source address only unicast


Destination address unicast, multicast, broadcast
The least significant bit of the first byte defines the type
of address. If the bit is 0, the address is unicast; otherwise,
it is multicast.
The broadcast destination address is a special case of the
multicast address in which all bits are 1s.

Ethernet Addressing
Each station on the network must have a unique physical
address
Provided by a six-byte physical address encoded on the
network interface card (NIC)
Normally written in hexadecimal notation

Ethernet evolution through four generations


The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xeroxs Palo Alto
Research Center (PARC). Since then, it has gone through four
generations.

Categories of Standard Ethernet (PHYSICAL LAYER)

Encoding in a Standard Ethernet implementation

Use digital signaling (baseband) at 10Mbps

10Base5 implementation

Known as Thicknet
Thick coaxial cable
Uses bus topology with external transceiver
Max length of each segment 500m

10Base2 implementation

Knows as Thin Ethernet


Uses bus topology with thin and flexible cable
Transceiver part of NIC
Max length of each segment 185m

Summary of Standard Ethernet


implementations

CHANGES IN THE STANDARD


The 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through several
changes before moving to the higher data rates. These changes
actually opened the road to the evolution of the Ethernet to
become compatible with other high-data-rate LANs.
Bridged Ethernet
Full-Duplex Ethernet
Full-Duplex Ethernet

Bridged Ethernet
Increases bandwidth by dividing the network into smaller
networks, allowing concurrent communications
Separates collision domains since traffic is lower with
segmentation

Switched Ethernet
In switched networks, a switch device recognizes the
destination address and routes the frame to the specific port to
which the destination station is connected (enables point-topoint connection; no collisions)
Also helps to improve security

Full-Duplex Ethernet
10Base5 and 10Base2 are half-duplex
Full-duplex increases capacity of each domain
No need for CSMA/CD

Fast Ethernet
Operates at 100 Mbps; faster speeds needed for CAD, image
processing, real-time audio and video
No change in frame format, addressing, or access method
Data rate and collision domain are changed
Physical implementation is star topology
100Base-X (100Base-TX and 100Base-FX)
100Base-T4

100Base-TX
Uses two category 5 UTP cable pairs or two STP cable pairs to
connect stations to a hub (star)
One pair carries frames from station to hub; one pair from hub
to station
Uses 4B/5B and MLT-3 encoding (2 step process)

100Base-FX
Uses two identical optical fibers in star topology
One fiber carries frames from the station to hub; one from hub
to station
Encoding is 4B/5B
Signaling is NRZ-I

100Base-T4
Uses four pairs of category 3 (voice grade) UTP to transmit
100 Mbps
Two pairs are bidirectional; other two are unidirectional
8B/6T (eight binary/six ternary) encoding used to transform
into six bauds of three voltage levels

Summary of Fast Ethernet implementations

Gigabit Ethernet
Data rate of 1000 Mbps or 1 Gbps
Usually implemented as full-duplex with no CSMA/CD
1000Base-X uses shortwave optical fiber (1000Base-SX),
long-wave optical fiber (1000Base-LX), or twisted-pair cables
(1000Base-T)

Summary of Gigabit Ethernet implementations

REFERENCES
Data Communications And Networking, 4th Edition , Forouzan
Data And Computer Communications, 5th Edition , William
Stallings

THANK YOU

You might also like