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The Jacksonian Era 1825-1842 The Debate Over States' Rights

The document provides an overview of key events and issues during the Jacksonian Era (1825-1842). It summarizes that Andrew Jackson was elected president in 1828 as a "common man"; he opposed the national bank and vetoed its recharter, leading to the Panic of 1837. South Carolina opposed high tariffs and asserted the right of nullification, leading to debates over states' rights. The Indian Removal Act forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi, including the Cherokee "Trail of Tears." The Whig party opposed Jackson's strong presidency. The era saw debates over slavery and westward expansion.

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231 views

The Jacksonian Era 1825-1842 The Debate Over States' Rights

The document provides an overview of key events and issues during the Jacksonian Era (1825-1842). It summarizes that Andrew Jackson was elected president in 1828 as a "common man"; he opposed the national bank and vetoed its recharter, leading to the Panic of 1837. South Carolina opposed high tariffs and asserted the right of nullification, leading to debates over states' rights. The Indian Removal Act forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi, including the Cherokee "Trail of Tears." The Whig party opposed Jackson's strong presidency. The era saw debates over slavery and westward expansion.

Uploaded by

Katelinwarnock
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 9

The Jacksonian Era


1825-1842
The Debate over States Rights

Andrew Jackson
Became President in 1828. Some called Jackson
the farmer President, and thought he was not
qualified to be the President because he had not
gone to a prestigious school. Others felt a
common man was just what the nation needed.

Strict Constructionists
Believe that the Constitution grants the

central government only specific powers.


All other powers not specifically
mentioned in the Constitution are
reserved for the states.

Kitchen Cabinet
Jackson discovered that many men in

his cabinet were more concerned with


politics than with serving their President.
So he gathered a group of close friends
with whom he discussed his strategy
informally (often in the White House
kitchen).

Concerns Over a Central Bank


The national bank controlled all the

money collected by the federal


government, giving it great influence
over other banks and the nations money
supply.
Jackson insisted that the idea of a
national bank violated the Constitution.

Nicholas Biddle
Director of the National Bank

Bank Charter Bill


In 1832 Andrew Jackson vetoed the

Bank Charter Bill, which would re-charter


the national bank, and he ordered the
secretary of treasury to withdraw all
government money from it.

The Panic of 1837


Biddle hastily called in loans of private

individuals because he knew his bank


could not survive without government
money. This threw the country into an
economic depression.

Specie Circular
A statement requiring that all public

lands be paid for in gold and silver


Caused temporary financial panic, but in
the long run stopped land speculation
with cheap paper money.

During Jacksons two terms


he:
1. Championed sound money backed by

gold
2. Did away with the strong central bank
that controlled the nations money
supply

Protective Tariff
Essentially a tax on Southerners
Benefited manufacturers in the North

Tariff of 1828
Southerners called it the Tariff of

Abominations.

John C. Calhoun
Vice President under Andrew Jackson
Opposed the Tariff of 1828 and wrote a

pamphlet called the South Carolina


Exposition and Protest in response to it.

Nullification Doctrine
The idea that a state can nullify, or

cancel, a federal law

Secession
The act of leaving the Union by a state.
John C. Calhoun argued for states rights

but not secession.

Senator Robert Y. Hayne


Enlisted by John C. Calhoun to debate

the issue of states rights.

Senator Daniel Webster


The greatest orator (speaker) in

Congress
Paved the way for a compromise over
the issue of states rights in the West and
South.

1832
Congress passed a new tariff that

continued to hurt the cotton growers in


the South.
South Carolina threatened to secede
and use military force to defend
themselves against President Jackson.
Vice President Calhoun resigned and
became a senator for South Carolina.

Compromise Tariff of 1833


Lowered duties on foreign goods coming

into the country over a period of 10 years


with the hope that it would eventually be
eliminated.

Force Bill
Gave the President the authority to use

the army and navy to enforce tariff laws,


if necessary

Pages 170-174

Jacksonian Era
The years that Jackson was president
A period in history characterized by a

new spirit of democracy


Men were judged by what they could do
rather than who they were

Caucus
A closed meeting of party leaders who

would select candidates or decide policy.

Nominating Conventions
Party members in each state elected

delegates to attend these conventions,


where they would choose the
Presidential candidates.

Spoils System
The practice of giving public office

positions to faithful supporters


The spoils system opened up the
political process to more people, but it
often put unqualified people in
government positions.

National Road
Constructed to promote improvements in

the developing lands out West.


Ran from Cumberland, Maryland,
westward across several states.

Indian Removal Act


Passed in 1830
Required American Indians living on

lands east of the Mississippi River to


move to lands farther west.
The government provided funds to help
the Indians in their move.

Black Hawk
Led Indian tribes back to their former home near
Rock Island in 1832. This led to the Black Hawks
War.

Black Hawks War


When members of the Sac and Fox tribe

refused to leave Illinois, the governor of


Illinois called out the state militia.
Many Sac and Fox were killed and Black
Hawk was captured.
The remaining Indians were forced to
return to the Western territories.

Cherokee
In the South, the Cherokee resisted the

move forced upon them with the Indian


Removal Act.
They had established farms, a written
language, and even drafted a constitution
in attempt to establish a state in
northwestern Georgia.
Many had even become Christians.
They were removed west with the others

Trail of Tears
The Cherokee journey to Oklahoma
4,000 died

Abolitionists
People who wanted to abolish slavery.

William Lloyd Garrison


A radical abolitionists who published an abolitionist
paper known as The Liberator. He called for
immediate end to slavery.

Frederick Douglass
Published an abolitionist paper called

The North Star.

Nat Turner
A black preacher that stirred up a slave rebellion in
Virginia. About 60 white people, mostly women
and children, were murdered in the Nat Turner
Revolt.

Martin Van Buren


8th President of the United States
Ran against the Whig party
People associated him with hard times and he only served
one term.

Whig Party
A new party made up of former National

Republicans and members of other


political groups.
They opposed Jackson and called him
King Andrew the First because they felt
he had been too strong of a President.

William Henry Harrison


9th President of the United States
1st Whig President
1st President to die in office

John Tyler
10th President of the United States

Pages 175-176

The Caroline Incident


A Canadian militia caught some

Americans smuggling arms and


ammunition across the Niagara River to
aid Canadian rebels. They set fire to the
boat, named Caroline, killing one
American.

Lord Ashburton
English minister to the United States
Was married to an American woman
Was known for his friendliness toward

the United States

Webster-Ashburton Treaty
1842
Settled the United States-Canadian

boundary
Laid the foundation for the establishment
of the longest unfortified and peaceful
boundary in the world between two great
nations

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