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UPS Topologies and Multi-Module Configurations: IEEE IAS Section Atlanta GA

The document discusses UPS topologies, components, and configurations. It describes line interactive, delta conversion, and double conversion UPS designs. Key topics covered include UPS market drivers like efficiency and reliability; components like rectifiers, inverters, and filters; and multi-module configurations including centralized bypass, distributed bypass, isolated redundant, parallel redundant, and system plus system setups. The presentation provides an overview of UPS system design considerations and options.

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82 views

UPS Topologies and Multi-Module Configurations: IEEE IAS Section Atlanta GA

The document discusses UPS topologies, components, and configurations. It describes line interactive, delta conversion, and double conversion UPS designs. Key topics covered include UPS market drivers like efficiency and reliability; components like rectifiers, inverters, and filters; and multi-module configurations including centralized bypass, distributed bypass, isolated redundant, parallel redundant, and system plus system setups. The presentation provides an overview of UPS system design considerations and options.

Uploaded by

dennisplaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UPS Topologies and MultiModule Configurations

IEEE IAS Section


Atlanta GA
November 17, 2008

Agenda
UPS Topologies
Line Interactive UPS
Delta Conversion UPS
Double Conversion UPS
Rotary UPS

UPS Design Market Drivers


UPS Components
Multi-Module UPS Configurations
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Critical Power System


Generati
on

Power Quality
TVSS

Distribution

UPS
Static
Switch

PDU

Critical
Load
Servers

ATS

Paralleling
Switchgear

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Line Interactive UPS

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UPS Topologies Line Interactive


Line Interactive
Runs on AC power from Utility and switches to Inverter
if Utility source power quality is not within
predetermined tolerance. Provides some surge
protection.
Benefits very efficient due to minimizing inverter run
time
Disadvantages limited surge protection
Application Single computer or single rack

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Delta Conversion

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Delta Conversion
This Line Interactive system carries the load
by using both the utility line by means of a
Line Conditioner (Course Regulation) and
two converters (Actually two inverters for
Fine Regulation & Battery Charger).
This topology can regulate the load voltage
by manipulating the secondary winding of
the series t-former using the Series
Converter.
Advantages
System does not go on battery for voltage
fluctuations.
System efficiency is higher in normal mode.
Disadvantages
The unit needs two inverters, less reliability.
It circulates more ripple current to the batteries.
If the utility frequency goes out of tolerance, the unit
must go on batteries.

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Double Conversion UPS

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UPS Topologies Double


Conversion
Double Conversion
Rectifies AC power into DC and then converts the DC
back to AC. Provides clean power, completely isolated
from the Utility during normal operation.
Benefits No interruption of Power; Protects load from
Utility spikes and Surges
Disadvantages Greater losses than Line Interactive
design

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Rotary UPS

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UPS Design Key Market Drivers


Reliability
The 5 9s - 99.999% up time

Efficiency

EPA Influence
Green Grid

Server Technology

Voltage
Outage Ride Through

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Efficiency
Line Interactive UPS ~98% efficient
Double Conversion ~ 92% to 94% efficient
Methods to improve UPS efficiency
Eliminate Input and Output Transformers
ECO mode -Line interactive mode of operation

Data Center Efficiency Trends


Eliminate PDU transformers
Electrical Distribution Voltages

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ECO Mode Overview

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Server Technology
Server Voltages
Today 120VAC - 240VAC
600V or 480V distribution with PDU transformers
400V distribution without PDU transformers

Future 277 VAC? ; 480VAC?

Server Power Outage Ride Through


CEMBA Curve Now the ITIC Curve
Key Factor for ECO mode.

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CBEMA-ITIC Curve for Double


Conversion UPS

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UPS Components
Rectifiers

SCR or IGBT
SCR 6 Pulse and 12 Pulse

Inverters

IGBT with PWM

Static Switch Module


Transformers

Input Transformer
Output Transformer

Filters

Input Harmonic Filters


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Rectifiers
IGBT Rectifier Clean Input
High power sinusoidal rectification low harmonics,
limited need for filters

SCR Rectifiers
6 Pulse ~30% THD without filters 7% with 5th
Harmonic Filter
<5% with 5th and 11th filter
12 Pulse reduces harmonics by using parallel
rectifiers with a phase shift ahead of one rectifier
requires input
transformer
Rectifiers
can be programmed to sequentially ramp up
Lower efficiency than 6 Pulse

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6 Pulse Current Input


THD without
filter

THD with
filter

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12 Pulse Rectifiers

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750 kVA - 6P vs 12P Rectifier


Energy Efficiency
Percentage 6-Pulse load
no Xfrmr

25%

92.8 %

12-Pulse
w/xfrmr
91.8 %

50%

94.2 %

93.3 %

75%

94.2 %

93.2 %

100%

93.6 %

92.4 %

Efficiency
Difference

1.0 %
0.9 %
1.0 %
1.2 %
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Inverters

Converts DC power into AC using IGBTs and PWM


Several different methods to implement PWM

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Static Switch Modules

Static Switch Module consists of breaker or contactor


in series with back to back SCRs.
Static Switch modules can be continuous duty or
momentary rated. Momentary rated Modules have a
breaker or contactor in parallel.
Continuous duty is required for ECO mode operation.

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Input Isolation Transformer


Input Isolation
Transformer required
for 12 Pulse Rectifier

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UPS Output Transformer

Output
Transformer
- Isolates load from
inverter
- Provides greater
protection to load
during inverter
failure
- Transformer MTBF
> IGBT MTBF

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Input Filters
5th Harmonic
Cancellation
The filter is designed to cancel
the current distortion that is most
present on the 5th harmonic.

Power Factor Correction


The input filter also raises the
input pf to approximately 0.93
with addition of capacitors. This
will allow the generator to
operate more efficiently
delivering more real power

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Multi-Module UPS Configurations


Paralleling UPS Modules
Capacity or Redundancy
Centralized Bypass
Distributed Bypass

Typical Parallel UPS Configurations


Isolated Redundant
Parallel Redundant
Distributed Redundant
System plus System

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Parallel for Capacity


Multiple units = N
Not recommended for a N System (single
system)
Frequently used for System + System (N+N)

MTBF impact
Parallel for capacity reduces MTBF value
Approximately half the MTBF of a single unit

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Centralized Bypass

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Distributed Bypass

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Centralized Bypass Cabinet

Distributed Bypass
Configuration does not need
this gear lineup
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Parallel UPS Configurations

Isolated Redundant
Parallel Redundant
Distributed Redundant
System plus System

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Isolated Redundant

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Parallel Redundant

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Distributed Redundant

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System + System

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Questions?

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Contact Information:
Harry Handlin
GE Power Quality
Systems Engineer
P 205-789-7479
E [email protected]

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