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Century Slides

The document introduces the CENTURY ecosystem model, which was developed to evaluate the effects of environmental and management changes on soil organic matter, plant production, and nutrient cycling. CENTURY simulates biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in various ecosystems. It focuses on representing key transfers of materials between soil organic matter and other ecosystem components. CENTURY can be used to test hypotheses and provide insight into improved land management practices that can increase soil organic matter and productivity.

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Uyanga Khvrlee
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24 views

Century Slides

The document introduces the CENTURY ecosystem model, which was developed to evaluate the effects of environmental and management changes on soil organic matter, plant production, and nutrient cycling. CENTURY simulates biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in various ecosystems. It focuses on representing key transfers of materials between soil organic matter and other ecosystem components. CENTURY can be used to test hypotheses and provide insight into improved land management practices that can increase soil organic matter and productivity.

Uploaded by

Uyanga Khvrlee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CENTURY ECOSYSTEM

MODEL

Introduction to CENTURY
WHY CENTURY

Evaluate Effects of Environmental


Change

Evaluate Changes in Management


What is CENTURY?

Simple Ecosystem Model


Soil Organic Matter
Plant Production
Hydrological
Nutrient Cycle
Why CENTURY was developed

From early experience (1970’s) of


attempting to model everything (e.g. IBP)
an understanding of the inherent
problems of scaling processes and
components within appropriate time and
spatial scales for a specific set of
questions or hypotheses
MODEL DEVELOPMENT
•Development of CENTURY of biogeochemical cycles of C, N, P,
and S for various ecosystem found globally was undertaken in
order to provide adequate process-level representation of key
transfers of material from critical ecosystem components.

•Soil Organic Matter (SOM) was the focus of the model


development because of the integration of ecosystem processes
and environmental changes which is represented in SOM.

•Environmental and land management factors can be easily


incorporated into the simulations of SOM development.

•Input parameters be meaningful in ecological terms and easily


acquired from existing data bases or experimentally determined.
MODEL STRUCTURE
Structure based on turnover rates of SOM pools

THREE TYPES OF SOM POOLS

ACTIVE: Live microbes and their by- products


(2 to 5 year turnover)

SLOW: Physically and chemically protected


(20 to 50 years turnovers)

PASSIVE: Physically protected or chemically resistant


SOM
(800 to 1200 year turnover)
MODEL CONTROLS
Monthly inputs of temperature and rainfall

Soil properties easily defined

Plant system controlled by T, H2O, and nutrient


availability

Land management practices modifies ecosystem


processes

Hydrological input-output processes represented


WHY MODEL?

•Provides a conceptual framework from


which to pose hypotheses

•Provides a mechanism to test a set of


complex hypotheses

•Provides insight into methods of


field/lab testing model predictions
SUMMARY
•CENTURY IS A TOOL FOR ANALYSIS OF
CONTROLS ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER AND
PRODUCTIVITY
•SIMULATION RESULTS DEMONSTRATE HOW
INPROVED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CAN
ARREST ORGANCI MATTER LOSSES AND
IMPROVE DEGRADED SOILS THROUGH:
Higher yielding varieties
Reduced soil disturbance
Maintenance of crop residues
Replacement of nutrient losses
Overall flow diagram for the CENTURY model.
Flow diagram for the soil carbon submodel.
Impact of temperature and water on decomposition.
Impact of DEFAC and AET on decomposition.
Observed above ground NPP for various global sites vs. CENTURY modeled abiotic
decomposition factor (DEFAC).
Flow diagram for the water flow submodel.
Flow diagram for the nitrogen submodel.
Impact of mineral N on soil C/N ratios for grasslands and forests.
Effect of initial litter N content on litter carbon and N mineralization.
Effect of soil texture on litter C and N mineralization.
Flow diagram for the phosphorus submodel.
Flow diagram for the grass/crop submodel.
Impact of soil water and temperature on plant production.
C/N of live shoots vs. biomass for grass/crop systems.
Flow diagram for forest submodel.
Live forest C/N ratio as a function of ratio of available plant N to potential plant N demand.
Allocation of N to trees vs. grass as a function of tree basal area and SITPOT.
Comparison of simulated and observed live biomass for (a) Kenya, (b) Lamto, (c) Mexico, and
(d) Thailand sites.
Comparison of observed and simulated aboveground plant production.
Comparison of observed and simulated soil C (0-30 cm) and soil N (0-30 cm).
Comparison of simulated and observed soil (a) C and (b) N.
Observed vs. simulated soil C for different treatments.
Flow diagram for DAYCENT.
N Gas Submodel
H2Osoil, Tsoil D/D o
+ Texture, pH PPT
NH4 Ngasnit N2O
Nitrification

Mineralization -
N inputs NO3 NOx

Denitrification H2Osoil, C D/D o


Texture NO 3:C
Ngasden
N2
= control
italics = process
Ngasnit = N gas flux from nitrification
Ngasden = N gas flux from denitrification
D/Do = index of gas diffusivity in soil
PPT = precipitation
C = labile carbon

Nitrification and denitrification N gas flow diagram. (Del Grosso et al. 2001)
DAYCENT soil water flow diagram.
Comparison of observed vs. simulated WFPS.
Comparison of observed vs. simulated soil temperature.
Comparison of observed vs. simulated N 2O flux.
Comparison of observed and simulated NO x flux.
Comparison of observed and simulated H2O and NOx fluxes.
500 
 Soil C

gC m -2 25yrs -1
-500
0-25yrs
-1000 26-50yrs
51-75yrs
-1500 76-100yrs

-2000
750
N2O C Equivalents
gC m-2 25yrs-1

500

250

Net C = Csystem + 


 CN2O + 
 CNfert
300

0
gC m -2 25yrs-1

-300

-600

-900

-1200
corn ww wwnt grass

Comparison of simulated changes in soil C, integrated C equivalents of N 2O emissions and net


C for a conventional tillage winter wheat/fallow system (ww), no till winter wheat fallow (wwnt),
irrigated corn, and reversion to native grass for 25 year periods following 75 years of
conventional till winter wheat/fallow land use. Negative values represent uptake of greenhouse
gases by the soil. (From Del Grosso et al. 2001)
The CENTURY model environment showing the relationship between programs and the file
structure.

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