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Statistics

This document discusses descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe characteristics of data through measures such as averages and percentages. Inferential statistics draw conclusions and make predictions about populations based on statistical analysis of samples. Key terms defined include population, sample, parameter, statistic, independent and dependent variables, and levels of measurement for qualitative and quantitative data.

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51 views

Statistics

This document discusses descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe characteristics of data through measures such as averages and percentages. Inferential statistics draw conclusions and make predictions about populations based on statistical analysis of samples. Key terms defined include population, sample, parameter, statistic, independent and dependent variables, and levels of measurement for qualitative and quantitative data.

Uploaded by

KendridChoa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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is a way to get information from

data!

a mathematics of collection, organization,


presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.

statistics
DESCRIPTIVE
describe the
properties &
characteristics of a
group of persons
places or things
summarize or
present facts of the
data we already have

INFERENTIAL
compare groups
test hypothesis
draw conclusion
make predictions
about the population
based on statistical
information

Descriptive Statistics

Inferential Statistics

60% of the voters responding to 60% of the voters in the state


a poll favor proposition A.
favor proposition A, with a
margin of plus or minus three
percentage points.
In a trial study, brand A pain
medicine resulted in noticeable
relief an average of 20 minutes
sooner than brand B medicine.

Brand A pain medicine brings


noticeable relief significantly
faster than brand B medicine.

In a STAT class, X students got


an average grade of 3.5 while Z
got an average grade of 2.5

X students perform better in


Statistics than Z students.

THE POPULATION AND THE SAMPLE


POPULATION
refers to a large
collection of
people, objects,
places or things
things we are
interested in
Example :
DLS-CSB Frosh Students
All registered voters in Manila

SAMPLE
a small portion or part
of a population; a
representative of the
population
Example:
200 randomly selected Frosh
Students
1350 registered voters in Malate

PARAMETER VS. STATISTIC


PARAMETER
A numerical value which
describes a population.
Example:
80% of residents in
the Philippines has
electricity
60% of EM students
prefer learning outside
the classroom.

STATISTIC
A numerical value which
describes a sample.
Example:
30% of the children that has
interviewed preferred
chocolate over vanilla
20% of the students that has
interviewed said they learn
more if they eat before the
lecture.

DATA AND VARIABLE


Data are observed values of variables. Example
is the responses to a survey.
A variable is any characteristics of interest that
can take any value. It changes or varies over
time for different individuals or objects under
consideration.

an attribute or value that can be


changed in a given model or
experiment
affects or modifies other attributes
the input

an attribute or value that is affected or


modified by another value
the output

EXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT


VARIABLE
1. A scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer.
Independent variable: the administration of the drug; the
dosage; the timing.
Dependent variable: the impact the drug has on cancer.

2. A scientist studies the impact of withholding affection


on rats.
Independent variable: amount of affection.
Dependent variable: reaction of the rats.

3. A scientist studies how many days people can eat soup


until they get sick.
Independent variable: the number of days of consuming
soup.
Dependent variable: the onset of illness.

DATA/VARIABLE
Qualitative/
Categorical
attributes
Gender
Religion

Quantitative/
Numerical
numerical in nature
Age
Height
Discrete
countable; exact values

Continuous
values obtained from
measurements

LEVELS/SCALES OF MEASUREMENT
Nominal scale classifies data into
various distinct categories in which
no ranking is implied.
Course section, religion
Ordinal scale classifies data into
distinct categories in which ranking is
implied.
College levels, satisfaction ratings
Qualitative data/variable are measured on a nominal scale or an
ordinal scale

LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT SCALES


Interval scale is an ordered scale in which
the difference between measurements is a
meaningful quantity but does not involve
true zero point.
Temperature in Fahrenheit and Celsius

Ratio scale is an ordered scale in which


the difference between measurements
involve a true zero point.
Speed or acceleration of vehicle

Quantitative data/variable are measured on a ratio scale or an


interval scale

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS USING EXCEL


1. Open Excel, Click File - Options

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS USING EXCEL


2. Choose Add-Ins

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS USING EXCEL


3. Click Go.. button. Check the Analysis ToolPak and
Analysis ToolPak-VBA boxes. Click OK.

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