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I Fish, Therefore I Lie

This document discusses issues related to reporting and measurement of global fisheries. It notes that some countries, like China, may over-report their catches. Fisheries are categorized by fish type, nation, and ocean. Some major fisheries discussed include Alaskan pollock, skipjack tuna, and Peruvian anchovy. Future fisheries that may develop include krill, lanternfish, and squid. Effective management is needed to prevent overfishing of stocks and ensure sustainability of fisheries.

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37 views

I Fish, Therefore I Lie

This document discusses issues related to reporting and measurement of global fisheries. It notes that some countries, like China, may over-report their catches. Fisheries are categorized by fish type, nation, and ocean. Some major fisheries discussed include Alaskan pollock, skipjack tuna, and Peruvian anchovy. Future fisheries that may develop include krill, lanternfish, and squid. Effective management is needed to prevent overfishing of stocks and ensure sustainability of fisheries.

Uploaded by

getachew ambaye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I Fish, Therefore I Lie

OVERVIEW OF WORLD FISHERIES


I. Reporting and Measurement Issues
II. Major Fisheries - By Fish
III.Major Fisheries - By Nation
IV.Major Fisheries - By Ocean
V. Possible Future Fisheries
VI.Economic Values

I. Reporting and Measurement Issues

I Fish, Therefore I Lie


Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO
Organizational Reporting Policies in General
Chinese Reporting Policies in Particular

An Important Word: CREEL


Wicker Basket used to hold a fishers catch

An Important Word: CREEL


Wicker Basket used to hold a fishers catch
Fisheries Management term used to
describe the mix of species in a fishing
jurisdictions catch

Figure 3.1. Capture Fishery Production from


1993 to 2002.
(Note that the y-axis does not begin at zero)

Figure 3.1. Capture Fishery Production from


1993 to 2002.
(Note that the y-axis does not begin at zero)

II. Major Fisheries - by Fish


THE FIRST TIER
Peruvian Anchovy
Alaskan Pollock
Skipjack Tuna
Capelin

Figure3.2.HistoricalCatchesof:(A)PeruvianAnchovy;
(B)AlaskaPollock;(C)SkipjackTuna;and(D)Capelin.
Notethedifferentscalesontheyaxes!

Peruvian Anchovy
Not heavily fished until the 1950s

By 1970, the largest fishery in the world


Susceptible to disruptions by ENSOs

Lessons may have been learned

Alaskan Pollock
Not heavily fished until the 1960s

Improvements in processing ability


were important

Overfishing a real concern


Monitoring and managing techniques
may be improving

Skipjack Tuna
Another recently developed fishery

Catches are trending upwards


This resource may be underutilized
Monitoring and managing techniques
are a challenge

Capelin
Yet another recently developed fishery

An early peak, a characteristic of


some new fisheries

An equlibrium may be being attained


This fishery is dominated by two
relatively cooperative countries

Capelin are members of the Osmeridae family of smelts. They are known as
sparling in England. Capelin are slender translucent olive colored, small-scaled fish
that grow to a maximum length of 25 cm (10 in). Capelin was once the primary food
of cod in the North Atlantic. When the cod population diminished the capelin
population increased dramatically. The species is found from the surface and down
to depths of 300 metres.
The bulk of the capelin catch goes for reduction into meal and oil, which is mostly
used for production of animal feed, including salmon feed. But a part of the catch
finds a market outlet in Japan where capelin is a popular snack and capelin roe is
sought-after in Japan for its alleged aphrodisiac properties.
During spawning, the male holds on tightly to the female with its pectoral and ventral
fins and swims down towards the bottom. The majority die after spawning and only a
few live to spawn a second time.

II. Major Fisheries - by Fish


THE SECOND TIER
Atlantic Herring
Japanese Anchovy
Chilean Jack Mackerel
Blue Whiting

Figure3.3.HistoricalCatchesof:(A)AtlanticHerring;
(B)JapaneseAnchovy;(C)ChileanJackMackerel;
and(D)BlueWhiting.

Atlantic Herring
An old fishery - based on gill netting

Introduction of purse seine technology


resulted in increased but
unsustainable yields

Effective management may result in a


stable fishery

Japanese Anchovy
A fishery with a long history of catch records

Stable until the entry of the Chinese into


the fishery

Current high catch may not be sustainable

Japanese Anchovy
A fishery with a long history of catch records

Stable until the entry of the Chinese into


the fishery

Current high catch may not be sustainable


Alternatively, current high catch
may not be real

Chilean Jack Mackerel


This fishery began with the collapse
of the Peruvian Anchovy
It was subject to initial overexploitation
The current yield may be sustainable;
Stable at 2 million tonnes from
2002 through 2008

Blue Whiting
A relatively recent fishery
Unregulated until recently
Recent increases in catch are
recognized as unsustainable

Blue Whiting
2005. EU, Faeroes, Iceland, Norway,
agree on a management plan
A limit of 2 million tonnes set for 2006
Agreement on reduced limits, to
540,000 tonnes by 2010

Blue Whiting
Until these multi-national agreements,
Blue Whiting was exclusively used
for reduction, to fish oil and animal
feed.
With the new, lower, catch limits,
attempts are being made to
add value to this fishery.

Blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). Length to 30-35 cm. Weight 150300 grams.

III. Major Fisheries - by Nation


THE FIRST TIER
China
Peru
United States
Indonesia

China
From 1989 to 1998, 1 MT/yr increases
were reported
From 1998 on, 0 MT/yr increases
were reported
Virtual Biology

Peru
Catch dominated by a single species
Overfishing is a manageable threat
ENSO is not a manageable threat

United States
Stable since 200 mile EEZ established

Indonesia
Inshore trawl catch isnt well identified
Offshore tuna catch is 75% of fishery

III. Major Fisheries - by Nation


THE SECOND TIER
Japan
Chile
India
Russia

Japan and Russia


Declines a consequence of the EEZ

Chile
Decline a consequence of drops in
catches of two heavily fished species

India
21% of catch is from inland waters
The Bombay Duck

Also called bummalo, Bombay


Duck is a marine lizardfish,
Harpodon nehereus, from
southern Asia, particularly
abundant in the Ganges Delta
and the Arabian Sea of western
India. It is a narrow, usually 6 to
8 inches long, slimy fish. It is
caught in November and
December; the processing goes
on from December until March.

IV. Major Fisheries - by Ocean


Atlantic

25.6%

Pacific

62.6%

Indian

10%

Other

1.7

Table 3.1 Percentages of global marine capture fishery production accounted by regions of the
ocean
Fishing area
Atlantic

Percentage of global capture production


25.6

Northwest

2.4

West central

2.1

Southwest

2.7

Northeast

12.7

East central

4.1

Southeast

1.6

Pacific

62.6

Northwest

26.9

West central

11.5

Southwest

0.9

Northeast

2.9

East central

2.0

Southeast
Indian

18.4
10.0

East

5.5

West

4.5

Mediterranean and Black Seas

1.7

V. WHATS THE WORLD COMING TO?


Possible Future Fisheries?
I. Krill
II. Myctophids
III.Squid

Krill - What is it?

Euphausia superba

Krill - the fishery


First harvested by USSR in the 1960s
Japan, South Korea, and Norway are
now the main fishers
An average of 118,000 tonnes per year
harvested from 1999-2008

Krill - Some Issues


Very important harvester of primary
productivity in the Southern Ocean Phytoplankton and Ice Algae
Loss of Ice May Impact Stocks
Palatability and Processing Problems
If Problems are Solved, Overharvesting
is Possible

Krill - Some Issues


Management Put in Place in 1981
Convention on the Conservation of
Antarctic Marine Living Resources
(CCAMLR)
Stock Estimate: 37 Million Metric Tons
Total Allowable Catch: 3.47 MT
Harvest Average: 118,000 MT

Small Mesopelagics - What are they?


Myctophids, or, Lanternfish

Myctophum punctatum

Small Mesopelagics - the fishery


100 million tonne potential, but Not much of a fishery because Wide horizontal dispersal within the
ecosystem.

Squid and Other Cephalopods

Loligo vulgaris

Squid Fisheries
Near-shore - a number of fisheries over
continental shelves.
A vast world-wide pelagic fishery,
~100 million tons per year. This fishery
is dominated by Sperm Whales.
Pelagic fishery could probably withstand
a human harvest of 25 million
tonnes per year.

VI. Economic Values


Fish eaten by humans have high market value
Fish used for reduction have low market value

Table 3.2. Ex-vessel value of important groups of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks in capture
fisheries
Species group
Sturgeons, paddlefishes

Ex-vessel value (dollars per kilogram)


$10.10

Lobsters, spiny-rock lobsters

$9.03

Abalones, winkles, conchs

$5.40

Shrimps, prawns

$3.30

Sea urchins and other echinoderms

$2.42

Crabs, sea-spiders

$2.35

Flounders, halibuts, soles

$2.25

Salmon, trout, smelts

$2.20

Squids, cuttlefish, octopuses

$1.58

Tuna, bonitos, billfish

$1.43

Scallops

$1.32

Cods, hakes, haddocks

$0.99

Clams, cockles

$0.93

Sharks, rays, chimeras

$0.89

Oysters

$0.75

Mussels

$0.40

Herring, sardines, anchovies

$0.27

Fish used for reduction

$0.10

Table 3.3. Contribution of various groups of organisms to capture landings (by weight) and to
the economic value of capture production
Species group

% of capture landings

% of capture value

Shrimp, prawns

3.2

12.6

Tunas, bonitos, billfishes

6.5

11.1

Cods, hakes, haddocks

6.2

7.3

Squid, cuttlefish, octopuses

3.4

6.4

Herring, sardines, anchovies

11.6

3.7

Crabs, sea-spiders

1.2

3.4

Lobsters, spiny-rock lobsters

0.2

2.6

Flounders, halibuts, soles

1.0

2.6

Bivalve mollusks

2.2

2.5

Salmon, trout, smelt

0.9

2.3

I Fish, Therefore I Lie

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