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J Integral

The J-integral is used in nonlinear fracture mechanics to describe crack behavior. It is calculated by integrating the specific elastic energy along a trajectory around the crack tip. The J-integral is path independent, meaning the value does not depend on the path chosen for integration. In linear elastic fracture mechanics, the J-integral is related to the stress intensity factors KI, KII, and KIII, which characterize crack tip stresses and displacements. For Mode I loading, the J-integral is equivalent to the energy release rate G. The J-integral can therefore be used as a replacement for K, G, and the crack tip opening displacement in linear elastic fracture mechanics crack growth criteria.

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270 views

J Integral

The J-integral is used in nonlinear fracture mechanics to describe crack behavior. It is calculated by integrating the specific elastic energy along a trajectory around the crack tip. The J-integral is path independent, meaning the value does not depend on the path chosen for integration. In linear elastic fracture mechanics, the J-integral is related to the stress intensity factors KI, KII, and KIII, which characterize crack tip stresses and displacements. For Mode I loading, the J-integral is equivalent to the energy release rate G. The J-integral can therefore be used as a replacement for K, G, and the crack tip opening displacement in linear elastic fracture mechanics crack growth criteria.

Uploaded by

mohsenjun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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J-integral

H. Gol khandan

123456-

Introduction
Integral along closed curve
Path independence
Relation J K
Relation J G
Relation J

In NLFM, the behavior of a crack can be described with the J-integral. The J-integral is a vector, with three components

in a three-dimensional (here Cartesian) coordinate system. Its value results from an integration along a trajectory . In
each point of this trajectory, the specific elastic energy must be calculated from stresses and strains. Also the unit normal
vector in that point, the stress vector and the spatial derivatives of the displacement play a role. What is generally called
the J-integral in fracture mechanics, is the first component of the vector , so the component in -direction.

The J-integral vector is defined by integration along a path in a two-dimensional plane. When this path is
closed, it can be proved that the resulting value is always zero, under the conditions that there are no
singularities in the area within the closed path. The prove assumes that the material behavior is hyper-elastic
and homogeneous, the material is not subjected to volume loads and the acceleration is zero. It is also
necessary to use a linear strain-displacement definition, which is only allowed when deformation and
rotations are small.

Path independence
A crack is now introduced along the x1-axis. The J-integral first component of the vector is calculated along

a closed path, which runs around the crack tip and along both crack surfaces. The integral can be written as a
summation of four parts. Obviously the calculated value is zero. It is assumed that the crack faces are not loaded
( = ). On the crack faces, the unit normal vector is pointing in -direction, so its first component is zero. This
result of the integration along the crack faces is zero, and the J-integral is the sum of two terms representing an
integration along two lines around the crack tip. When the movement over the line is anti-clockwise, we assign
the value a positive value and, when it is clockwise, the result is negative. With this sign convention, it appears
that the value of both integrals has to be equal. This important result means that the integral over a non-closed
path around the crack tip, starting at one crack face and ending at the other, always has the same value and so the
J-integral is path independent.

Relation

In LEFM, the stress and displacement components at the crack tip are known as a function of the position relative

to the crack tip. For multi-mode loading, they are characterized by the stress intensity factors , and . Because the
J-integral is path-independent, the integration path can be chosen to be a circle with the crack tip as its center.
Integration over this circular path reveals that the J-integral is related to the stress intensity factors.

For Mode I loading of the crack, it follows immediately that the J-integral is equivalent to the energy release rate G.
This means that the J-integral can be used in the crack growth criteria of LEFM as a replacement for K and G.

Obviously, J-integral is now also related to the crack tip opening displacement

Based on empirical observations, a better relation is suggested by ASTM, including the influence of the

specimen dimensions and the ultimate strength .

References
[1] Fracture Mechanics, Lecture notes, Dr.ir. P.J.G. Schreurs, Eindhoven University of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering Materials Technology September 13, 2011

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