Modals of Deduction

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Modals of Deduction
We are going to look at deduction
You are going to practice by making
Some sentences

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Modals of Deduction
Who is Sherlock Holmes?

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Modals of Deduction
Who is Sherlock Holmes?
Do you know how he
solved many
of his cases?

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Modals of Deduction
What is deduction?

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Modals of Deduction
What is deduction?
Deductions = guesses
based facts you know.

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Modals of Deduction
What are modal verbs?

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Modals of Deduction
What are modal verbs?
Must, Cant, May, Might,
Could

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Modals of Deduction
Deductions = guesses based
on known facts. You can use
modal verbs. We can make
deductions about
the present :
must be
Very sure - 99%
can't be - Very sure
We think it's impossible
99%
may / might / could be
We think it's possible - 50%
The Present

Modals of Deduction
Deductions = guesses based
on known facts.
What deductions can you
make about this photo?
must be
Very sure - 99%
can't be - Very sure
We think it's impossible
99%
may / might / could be
We think it's possible - 50%
The Present

Modals of Deduction

Deductions

He must be a chef. - Very

sure - 99%
He can't be a policeman. Very sure - we think it's
impossible - 99%
He may / might / could be
famous. We think it's
possible - 50%
The Present

How many deductions

can you make
about this photo?
must be Very sure 99%
can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

 must be Very sure 99%

can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

 must be Very sure 99%

can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

It must be a mask
It cant be real
It may be for a film
must be Very sure 99%
can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

 must be Very sure 99%

can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

He must be hiding
He cant be very old
He could be afraid
must be Very sure 99%
can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

 must be Very sure 99%

can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

She must be at home

She cant be working
She might be chatting to friends
must be Very sure 99%
can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

 must be Very sure 99%

can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

He must be running away

The plane cant be very new
He could be a criminal
must be Very sure 99%
can't be Very sure - We
think it's
impossible 99%
may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

The Present

Modals of Deduction
We can also make deductions about the

'How do you think the burglar got in?'

'He must have climbed through the
window.'
To make guesses about the past;

= Modal verb + have +

past participle

Modals of Deduction
We can also make deductions about the

'How do you think the burglar got in?'

'He must have climbed through the
window.'
To make guesses about the past;

= Modal verb + have +

He must
have climbed through the window.
past
participle

= Very sure - we

think it's possible - 99%

He cant have come through the door. = Very sure - we think

it's impossible - 99%
He may / might / could have escaped through the window. =

How many past deductions

can you make
about these photos
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

He must have robbed a bank

He cant have Taken
much money
The police might have Seen him
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

They must have caught him

He cant have escaped
They may have sent him
to prison for a long time
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

She must have won

She cant have expected
to win
She may have won Miss World
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

The car must have crashed

They cant have been hurt
They may have been driving
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

They must have been travelling

They cant have gone by train
They might have been on holiday
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

They must have been angry

It cant have been an accident
The computer may have been
very slow
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

He must have been working

very hard
he cant have finished
He could have gone to bed late last night
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

It must have been raining

It cant have been for long
It might have been a shower
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

He must have scored

His team might have won
The game
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

She must have had an accident

She cant have been there
for long
She may have been attacked
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

She must have been running

She might have won

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

He must have been eating

He may have been eating
ice cream
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

She cant have been looking

where she was going
She may have hurt herself
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

He must have failed

He cant have passed
It might have been
his first test
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

He must have climbed up

He cant have been
there for long
He might have got lost
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

They may have had

an argument

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

She cant have

disappeared!

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

 Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

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Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

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... We must have finished

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

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This must have Helped you

It cant have been difficult,
can it?
You might have learnt
something anyway...
Must have Very sure we think it's
possible 99%
Cant have Very sure we think it's
impossible 99%
may /
might / could
have - We
think it's
possible -

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Modals of Deduction

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Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________

must be Very sure 99%

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%

can't be Very sure - We

think it's
impossible 99%

Cant have Very sure we think it's

impossible 99%

Due to the fact that

__________________

may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

may /
might / could
have - We
think it's

However,

Morevover,

For this reason,

Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________

must be Very sure 99%

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%

can't be Very sure - We

think it's
impossible 99%

Cant have Very sure we think it's

impossible 99%

Due to the fact that

__________________

may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

may /
might / could
have - We
think it's

However,

Morevover,

For this reason,

Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________

must be Very sure 99%

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%

can't be Very sure - We

think it's
impossible 99%

Cant have Very sure we think it's

impossible 99%

Due to the fact that

__________________

may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

may /
might / could
have - We
think it's

However,

Morevover,

For this reason,

Useful language:
To my mind______
In my oppinion ______
I reckon that_________
I believe that ________

must be Very sure 99%

Must have Very sure we think it's

possible 99%

can't be Very sure - We

think it's
impossible 99%

Cant have Very sure we think it's

impossible 99%

Due to the fact that

__________________

may / might /
could be - We
think it's
possible - 50%

may /
might / could
have - We
think it's

However,

Morevover,

For this reason,