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Submitted TO: Mr. Sangeev Kumar: Submitted By: Vishal Sharma Vaibhav Kumar Saksham Taneja

This document summarizes the six simple machines: inclined plane, lever, screw, pulley, wedge, and wheel and axle. It provides diagrams and explanations of how each machine works, including definitions of mechanical advantage. For inclined planes, levers, screws, and wedges, it gives examples of how mechanical advantage is calculated. It also discusses different types of levers and pulleys and how gear systems use wheels and axles to change rotational direction and speed.

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Vishal Sharma
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71 views

Submitted TO: Mr. Sangeev Kumar: Submitted By: Vishal Sharma Vaibhav Kumar Saksham Taneja

This document summarizes the six simple machines: inclined plane, lever, screw, pulley, wedge, and wheel and axle. It provides diagrams and explanations of how each machine works, including definitions of mechanical advantage. For inclined planes, levers, screws, and wedges, it gives examples of how mechanical advantage is calculated. It also discusses different types of levers and pulleys and how gear systems use wheels and axles to change rotational direction and speed.

Uploaded by

Vishal Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTATIO

N
SUBMITTED

BY:
Vishal Sharma
10001170060

Vaibhav Kumar
10001170053

Saksham Taneja
10001170044
MECHANICAL 4th
A

SUBMITTED

TO:
Mr. Sangeev
Kumar

The 6 Simple Machines


Inclined Plane

Lever

Screw

Pulley

Wedge

Wheel and Axle

Inclined Plane
It

is a flat surface that lies at an angle


relative to level ground used to form a
ramp to raise and lower a load

Inclined Planes
An

inclined plane
is a flat surface
that is higher on
one end
Inclined planes
make the work of
moving things
easier

Work input and output

Work input is the amount of work done


on a machine.
Input force x input distance

Work

output is the amount of work done


by a machine.
Output force x output distance

Din
15 m
Dout 3 m
10 N

? Fin

Fout
Wout = Win
Fout x Dout = Fin x Din
10N x 3m = 2N x 15m

Inclined Plane Mechanical Advantage

The mechanical advantage


of an inclined plane is
equal to the length of the
slope divided by the
height of the inclined
plane.
While the inclined plane
produces a mechanical
advantage, it does so by
increasing the distance
through which the force
must move.

SCREW

The mechanical advantage of an screw can be


calculated by dividing the circumference by the pitch of
the screw.
Pitch equals 1/ number of turns per inch.

Wedges
Two inclined
planes joined
back to back.
Wedges are used
to split things.

Wedge Mechanical Advantage

The mechanical advantage of a wedge can be found


by dividing the length of either slope (S) by the
thickness (T) of the big end.

LEVERS

First Class Lever

Fulcrum is between EF (effort) and RF (load)


Effort moves farther than Resistance.
Multiplies EF and changes its direction
The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the length

First Class Lever


.

Common examples
of first-class levers
include crowbars,
scissors, pliers, tin
snips and seesaws.

Second Class Lever

RF (load) is between fulcrum and EF


Effort moves farther than Resistance.
Multiplies EF, but does not change its direction
The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the
distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the
distance from the resistance force to the fulcrum.

Second Class Lever


Examples of

second-class
levers include
nut crackers,
wheel barrows,
doors, and bottle
openers.

Third Class Lever

EF is between fulcrum and RF (load)


Does not multiply force
Resistance moves farther than Effort.
Multiplies the distance the effort force travels
The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the
distance from the applied force to the fulcrum to the
distance of the resistance force to the fulcrum

Third Class Lever


Examples of

third-class
levers include
tweezers, arm
hammers, and
shovels.

Pulleys
Pulley are wheels
and axles with a
groove around the
outside
A pulley needs a
rope, chain or belt
around the groove
to make it do work

Diagrams of Pulleys
Fixed pulley:

Movable Pulley:

A fixed pulley changes the


direction of a force;
however, it does not create
a mechanical advantage.

The mechanical advantage


of a moveable pulley is
equal to the number of
ropes that support the
moveable pulley.

COMBINED PULLEY
The effort needed to
lift the load is less
than half the weight
of the load.
The main
disadvantage is it
travels a very long
distance.

WHEEL AND AXEL


The axle is stuck
rigidly to a large
wheel. Fan blades
are attached to the
wheel. When the
axel turns, the fan
blades spin.

Wheel and Axel

The mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle is the


ratio of the radius of the wheel to the radius of the axle.

In the wheel and axle illustrated above, the radius of the


wheel is five times larger than the radius of the axle.
Therefore, the mechanical advantage is 5:1 or 5.
The wheel and axle can also increase speed by
applying the input force to the axle rather than a wheel.
This increase is computed like mechanical advantage.
This combination would increase the speed 5 times.

GEARS-Wheel and Axel


Each gear in a
series reverses
the direction of
rotation of the
previous gear.
The smaller gear
will always turn
faster than the
larger gear.

Thank you

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