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Chapter 8

1) This chapter discusses rotational kinematics and introduces the rotational analogs of linear kinematic equations. 2) Key concepts covered include angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration and their relationships as well as total acceleration in rotational motion. 3) Rolling motion is also addressed, where for an object rolling without slipping, its linear speed and acceleration can be related to its angular speed and acceleration using the object's radius.

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68 views

Chapter 8

1) This chapter discusses rotational kinematics and introduces the rotational analogs of linear kinematic equations. 2) Key concepts covered include angular displacement, velocity, and acceleration and their relationships as well as total acceleration in rotational motion. 3) Rolling motion is also addressed, where for an object rolling without slipping, its linear speed and acceleration can be related to its angular speed and acceleration using the object's radius.

Uploaded by

Intikhab
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Rotational Kinematics

Chapter 8

Expectations
After Chapter 8, students will:
understand and apply the rotational versions of
the kinematic equations.
be able to mathematically associate tangential
variables with corresponding angular ones
understand and apply the concept of total
acceleration in rotational motion
state and use the principle of rolling motion

A Brief Review from Chapter 5


Angular displacement:

S r
Units: radians (rad)

A Brief Review from Chapter 5


Average angular
velocity:

t r
units: rad/s
or: degrees/s, rev/min, etc.

Angular Acceleration
Average angular acceleration:

t
t t0
units: rad/s2
or: degrees/s2, rev/min2, etc.

Rotational Kinematic Equations


Definition of average angular velocity:

t
t
1
0
2
1
0 t
2

Rotational Kinematic Equations


Definition of average angular acceleration:

t
t 0
0 t

Rotational Kinematic Equations


A previous result:
1
0 t
2
0 t

1
1
0 0 t t 20t t 2
2
2
1 2
0t t
2

Rotational Kinematic Equations


Solve definition of average acceleration for t:
0
0

t
t

Substitute into a previous result:

1
1
0
0 t 0

2
2

2 0 0 0
2

0 2
2

Comparison: Kinematic Equations


Rotational
( = constant)

Linear
(a = constant)

0 t
1
0 t
2
1 2
0 t t
2
2
2
0 2

v v0 at
1
x v0 v t
2
1 2
x v0t at
2
2
2
v v0 2ax

Comparison: Kinematic Equations


Same equations, (some) different variables

Position, displacement: x
Time: t

Velocity, speed: v
Acceleration:

Angular and Tangential Velocity


Average angular velocity is the angular displacement
divided by the time interval in which it occurred.

x vT t
x r (small )
vT t r

vT

vT r
t
r

Angular and Tangential Acceleration


From the definition of linear acceleration:
vT vT 0 r r0
0
aT

t
t
t

From the definition of angular acceleration:


0

t
Combining:

aT r

Angular Velocity, Centripetal


Acceleration
From chapter 5:

Substituting:

vT
aC
r

But:

r 2 2
aC
r 2
r

aC r 2

vT r

Total Acceleration
The tangential and centripetal
accelerations are vector
components of the total
acceleration.
2

a aC aT
aT
tan
aC

Rolling Motion: Velocity


When a circular, cylindrical, or
spherical object rolls without
slipping over a surface:

v r
linear speed of
axle
wheel
radius

angular speed of
wheel

Rolling Motion: Acceleration


When a circular, cylindrical, or
spherical object rolls without
slipping over a surface:

a r
linear
acceleration of
axle

wheel
radius

angular
acceleration of
wheel

Angular Vectors
Angular displacement, , is not a vector quantity. the
reason: addition of angular displacements is not
commutative. Where you end up depends on the
order in which the angular displacements (rotations)
occur.

Angular Vectors
Angular velocity, , and angular acceleration, , are
vectors.
Magnitudes:

and
t
t

Directions: Parallel to the axis of rotation, and in the


direction given by the right-hand rule:

Angular Vectors
Right-hand rule direction for :

Angular Vectors
Right-hand rule direction for :

Also parallel to axis of rotation


Same direction as change in vector

Same direction as if is increasing in magnitude

Opposite direction from if is decreasing in magnitude

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