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Lecture 11 Week 7: Transverse and Longitudinal Shear in Beams. Shear Centres

This lecture discusses transverse and longitudinal shear stresses in beams. It introduces the concept of the shear centre, which is the point where a shear force can be applied to a beam cross-section without inducing twisting. The lecture covers how to calculate shear stresses in different parts of a beam cross-section using the shear flow equation. It also provides examples of determining shear stress distributions and locating the shear centre for various beam cross-sections.

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Aitizaz Khan
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85 views42 pages

Lecture 11 Week 7: Transverse and Longitudinal Shear in Beams. Shear Centres

This lecture discusses transverse and longitudinal shear stresses in beams. It introduces the concept of the shear centre, which is the point where a shear force can be applied to a beam cross-section without inducing twisting. The lecture covers how to calculate shear stresses in different parts of a beam cross-section using the shear flow equation. It also provides examples of determining shear stress distributions and locating the shear centre for various beam cross-sections.

Uploaded by

Aitizaz Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Lecture 11 Week 7
Transverse and longitudinal Shear in
Beams.
Shear Centres
Aim: To improve understanding of how shear develops
in prismatic beams and the concept of the shear
centre.

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Week 6 Coursework Review

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

M= 72x-15x2 kN.m.

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Note S =Elastic Section Modulus = I/Ymax

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Bending produces internal moments


They also produce internal shear force
Or transverse shear-stress distribution
Associated longitudinal shear-stresses are built up

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Summary of Previous Lecture

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

dA dA t.dx 0

Use the flexure


formula:

My

I

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

dA dA t.dx 0

M dM
A I ydA

which leads to

dM

M
A I ydA t.dx 0

yd
A
t.dx

My

I

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Rearrange for

1

It

dM

dx

ydA

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Remember that

dM
V
dx

And we define Q as Q

ydA y A

y Distance from neutral axis to centroid of area A


Hence

1 dM

It dx

ydA

becomes

VQ

It

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

VQ

It

Only valid for when symmetry exists


around a vertical plane passing
through the global centroid

y'

from the neutral axis

shear stress at

resultant internal shear force

moment of inertia

t
width of cross-section measured where t
is determined
Q
First moment of area of the top portion of
the cross-section

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Shear Stress Distribution


Rectangular cross-section

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Consider the shear
stress at a height y

NA

1 h

Q y A y
y
2 2

2 y b

1 h2
2

y b
2 4

y Distance from neutral axis to centroid of area A

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


so

VQ 12V h2 4 y 2 b

It
2bh3b

therefore

6V

bh3

h2
2

y
4

Parabolic!

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


For a narrow rectangular beam,

VQ 3 V
y 2
xy

1 2

Ib 2 A
c
3V
max
2A

For American Standard (S-beam) and wideflange (W-beam) beams

VQ
It
V
max
Aweb

ave

3- 24

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Find the transverse shear stress at point D, the glued
Joint between two planks.
w = 6.5 kN/m
150 mm

D
C

150 mm

30 mm

E
2m

2m

4m

30 mm

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


w = 6.5 kN/m
D
C

2m

2m

4m

Step 1 Reaction Forces


RB = 6.5 kN, RC = 19.5 kN
Step 2 Section at D
M = 13 kN.m, V = 6.5 kN

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Step 3 Find the centroid

150 mm

150 mm

30 mm

~
yA

y
A

0.075 0.150 0.03 0.165 0.03 0.150

0.150 0.03 0.03 0.150


0.120m

30 mm

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


150 mm

Step 4 Find the 2nd Moment

150 mm

30 mm

E
30 mm

I 0.03 0.150 0.15 0.03 0.120 0.075


12

0.150 0.03 0.03 0.150 0.165 0.120


12

27e 6 m

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


150 mm

Step 5 Calculate Q

150 mm

30 mm

E
30 mm

We are interested in the interface between the two boards

Q y A
0.18 0.015 0.12 0.03 0.15
0.203e - 3 m

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Step 6 - Calculate the shear stress

VQ 6.5 0.203e - 3

1.62 MPa
It
27e - 6 0.03

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Todays Lecture
The concept of shear flow and shear centre

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Shearing Stresses in Thin-Walled Members
Consider a segment of a wide-flange beam subjected
to the vertical shear V.
The longitudinal shear force on the element is

VQ
x
I

The corresponding shear stress is

zx xz

H VQ

t x It

Previously found a similar expression for the


shearing stress in the web

xy
NOTE:

VQ
It

xy 0
xz 0

in the flanges
in the web

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Consider a segment of a wide-flange beam subjected
to the vertical shear V.

NOTE:

Web

,
xy

Flange

,
xz

zx

yx

xy 0
xz 0

in the flanges
in the web

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

The variation of shear flow across the section


depends only on the variation of the first moment.

q t

VQ
I

For a box beam, q grows smoothly from zero at A to


a maximum at C and C and then decreases back
to zero at E.

The sense of q in the horizontal portions of the


section may be deduced from the sense in the
vertical portions or the sense of the shear V.

3- 34

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

For a wide-flange beam, the shear flow increases


symmetrically from zero at A and A, reaches a
maximum at C and then decreases to zero at E and
E.

The continuity of the variation in q and the merging


of q from section branches suggests an analogy to
fluid flow.

3- 35

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Sample Problem 6.3

19.6mm

132mm

108mm

132-19.6/2=122.2mm

Knowing that the vertical shear is 200 kN in a


W250x101 rolled-steel beam, determine the
horizontal shearing stress in the top flange at
the point a.

SOLUTION:
For the shaded area,

Q 108mm 19.6mm 122.2mm


258.7 10 mm

264mm

164 x 106 mm4

The shear stress at a,

VQ 200kN 258.7 10 mm

164 10 mm 19.6mm
It
3

16.1MPa

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Unsymmetric Loading of Thin-Walled Members
Beam loaded in a vertical plane of
symmetry deforms in the symmetry
plane without twisting.

My
I

ave

VQ
It

Beam without a vertical plane of


symmetry bends and twists under
loading.

My
I

ave

VQ
It

3- 37

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


If the shear load is applied such that the beam does not twist,
then the shear stress distribution satisfies
D
B
E
VQ
ave
V q ds F q ds q ds F
It
B
A
D

F and F indicate a couple Fh and the need for the application


of a torque as well as the shear load.

F h Ve
When the force P is applied at a distance e to the left of the web
centerline, the member bends in a vertical plane without
twisting.

The point O is referred to as the shear center of the beam


section.
3- 38

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Example 6.05
Determine the location for the shear center of the channel section with b =
100mm, h = 150mm, and t = 4mm.
Fh
where
e
I
b

b VQ

Vb h
F q ds
ds st ds
I
I0 2
0
0
Vthb 2

4I
1 3
1 3
h
I I web 2 I flange th 2 bt bt
12
2
12
2

1 th 2 6b h
12

Combining,

b
h
2
3b

100mm
150mm
2
3 100mm

e 40mm

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials


Determine the shear stress distribution for
V = 10 kN.

V = 10 kN

4 mm
150 mm

q VQ

t
It

Shearing stresses in the flanges,

b=100 mm
e = 4 mm

VQ V
h Vh
st s
It It
2 2I
Vhb
6Vb

2 th 6b h th 6b h
6 10kN 100mm

13.33MPa
4mm 150mm 6 100mm 150mm

1
12

Shearing stress in the web,

max

VQ V ht 4b h 3V 4b h

It
th 6b h t
2th 6b h
3 10kN 4 100mm 150mm

18.33MPa
2 4mm 150mm 6 100mm 150mm

1
8

1
12

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Summary
Bending results in shear as well as normal stress
Shear distributed with different axes for
different profiles (webs, flanges)
Shear Flow considers the gradient of the shear
Shear centre considers the need to apply load at
an off set from the centroid for non symmetric beams

13MMA100 Mechanics of Materials

Next lecture.
Stress Strain Diagrams, Elasticity,
Shear and Bulk Modulus, Strain
Energy and Dilation
Coursework due Monday 18th
November 2013 before 9 a.m.

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