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Bes 21 Lecture 2 History of Computers

The document summarizes the history of computers from the mechanical era to the present electronic era. It describes early mechanical calculating machines developed in the 1600s-1700s by Wilhelm Schickhard, Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Liebniz. Charles Babbage is noted as the "Father of modern computer" for designing analytical engines in the 1820s, though they were not built due to mechanical problems. The electronic era began in the 1940s with ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer. John von Neumann's stored-program concept from 1945 became the standard computer architecture. Generations of computers followed, driven by advances in transistors, integrated circuits, and networking.

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53 views

Bes 21 Lecture 2 History of Computers

The document summarizes the history of computers from the mechanical era to the present electronic era. It describes early mechanical calculating machines developed in the 1600s-1700s by Wilhelm Schickhard, Blaise Pascal, and Gottfried Liebniz. Charles Babbage is noted as the "Father of modern computer" for designing analytical engines in the 1820s, though they were not built due to mechanical problems. The electronic era began in the 1940s with ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic computer. John von Neumann's stored-program concept from 1945 became the standard computer architecture. Generations of computers followed, driven by advances in transistors, integrated circuits, and networking.

Uploaded by

MarkRowellBrillantesBrusola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History of Computers

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

MECHANICAL ERA (1600s1940s)

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Wilhelm Schickhard (1623)


Astronomer

and
mathematician
Automatically ad, subtract,
multiply and divide

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Blaise Pascal (1642)


Mathematician
Mass produced

first working
machine (50 copies)
Could only add and subtract
Maintenance and labor
problems
Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Gottfried Liebniz (1673)


Mathematician and inventor
Improved on Pascals

machine
Add, subtract, multiply and
divide

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Charles Babbage (1822)


Mathematician
Father

of modern computer
Wanted more accuracy in calculations
Difference engine
Government / science agreement
Automatic computation of math tables

Analytic

engine

Perform any math operation


Punch cards
Modern structure: I/O, storage, ALU
Add in 1 second, multiply in 1 minute

Both

engine plagued by mechanical problems

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

George Boole (1847)


Mathematical

analysis of logic
Investigation of laws of thought

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Herman Hollerith (1890)


Modern

day punched card machine


Formed Tabulating Machine Company (
became IBM)
1880 census took 5 years to tabulate
Tabulation estimates
1890: 7.5 years
1900: 10+ years

Holleriths

tabulating machine reduced


the 7.5 year estimate to 2 months

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Konrad Zuse (1938)


Built

first working mechanical


computer, the Z1
Binary Machine
German government decided not to
pursue development W.W.II already
started

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Howard Aiken (1943)


Designed

the Harvard Mark I


Implementation of Babbages
machine
Built by IBM

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

ELECTRONIC ERA

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Generation 1 (1945-1958)
ENIAC

(Electronic Numerical Integrator And


Computer)
Developed for calculating artillery firing tables
Designed by Mauchly and Echert of the University of Pennsylvania
Generally regarded as the first electronic computer
BIG!
18,000 tubes
70,000 resistors
10,000 capacitors
6,000 switches
30x50 feet
140 kW of power
decimal number system used
programmed by manually setting switches

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

IAS (Institute for Advanced


Studies)
Von

Neumann and Goldstine


Took idea of ENIAC and developed concept of storing a
program in the memory
This architecture came to be known as the von
Neumann architecture and has been the basis of the
virtually every machine designed since then
Features
Data and instructions (programs) are stored in a single read-

write memory
Memory contents are addressable by location regardless of the
content itself
Sequential execution
lots

of initial and long-term fighting over patents, rights,


credits, firsts, etc.

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Structure of Von Neumann


Machine

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Generation 2 (1958-1964)
Technology change
Transistors
High level languages
Floating point arithmetic

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Generation 3 (1964-1974)
Introduction of integrated

circuits
Semiconductor memory
Microprogramming
Multiprogramming

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Generation 4 (1974-present)

Large scale integration

(VLSI)
Single board computers

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Generation 5
VLSI / ULSI
Computer Communications

networks
Artificial intelligence
Massively parallel machines

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

Reference:
Computer Architecture and Organization, 8th Edition
by: William Stallings

Engr. Ben L. Saminiano

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