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Involvement of The Philippines in The Second World War

The document discusses the Philippines' involvement in World War 2. It describes how the Philippines was drawn into the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, as the Philippines was an American ally. Japanese forces then invaded the Philippines. The Philippine and American forces merged under Gen. Douglas MacArthur but were eventually forced to surrender. The Japanese occupied the Philippines from 1942-1945 and established a puppet government. American forces then began liberating the Philippines starting in 1944. The battles of Leyte Gulf and Manila helped turn the tide against Japanese occupation. Upon liberation, the Philippines faced postwar problems like destruction and economic issues that the government worked to address, such as establishing courts to judge collaborators.

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51 views

Involvement of The Philippines in The Second World War

The document discusses the Philippines' involvement in World War 2. It describes how the Philippines was drawn into the war after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, as the Philippines was an American ally. Japanese forces then invaded the Philippines. The Philippine and American forces merged under Gen. Douglas MacArthur but were eventually forced to surrender. The Japanese occupied the Philippines from 1942-1945 and established a puppet government. American forces then began liberating the Philippines starting in 1944. The battles of Leyte Gulf and Manila helped turn the tide against Japanese occupation. Upon liberation, the Philippines faced postwar problems like destruction and economic issues that the government worked to address, such as establishing courts to judge collaborators.

Uploaded by

jr garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Involvement of the

Philippines in the
Second World War

Involvement of the Philippines in the Second World War

Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland

- Great Britain and France w/c had promised to defend Poland in


attack declared war on Germany

case of

In 1931, Japan attacked and conquered parts of China


- Caused tensions between Japan and USA
- USA terminated trade agreement w/ Japan (1939)

In July 1941, Japan invaded Indo China

- USA responded by imposing oil embargo on Japan and freezing


Japanese assets in USA

all

Involvement of the Philippines in the Second World War

Dec 7, 1941 Japan bombed Pearl Harbour in Hawaii


- USA declared war on Japan
- Philippines was drawn into war since the country is an ally of

America

- Japan, Germany and Italy declared war on the USA

Philippines reserved and regular forces (commanded by Gen. Douglas


MacArthur) were merged with US army and came to be known as USAFFE
(United States Armed Forces in the Far East)

Involvement of the Philippines in the Second World War

Dec 8, 1941 Japanese planes bombed Davao, Tugegarao, Iba, Tarlac and
Pampanga and the following day they bombed Manila
- Manila was then declared an open city

The Filipino and American forces then was forced to retreat to Bataan waiting
for the promised reinforcements from America

The Filipino and American forces in Bataan surrendered to Japanese forces on


April 9, 1942

May 6, 1942. Corregidor finally fell to Japanese forces

- These fall of Corregidor signaled the end of organized FilipinoAmerican resistance against the Japanese Imperial Forces

Involvement of the Philippines in the Second World War

President Quezon and Vice President Osmena and the members of the
cabinet evacuated to Corregidor island

Through the invitation of Gen. Douglas MacArthur President Quezon left the
Corregidor by submarine on Feb 20, 1942 then sailed to US on board the ship
Coolidge where they established their government-in-exile

Dec 30, 1943, President Quezons 8th term expired however President
Roosevelt passed a resolution to extend it

Aug 1, 1941, President Quezon died. Vice President Sergio Osmena Sr. swiftly
took his oath as the second president of the Commonwealth Government

The
Japanization
Of the

Philippines

Japan established authority of Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma after


the successful invasion of the Japanese imperial of Manila and
other places.

Japanese Aim

To save the Filipinos from domination of America


Make the country a part of the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity
Sphere.

Lt. Gen. Masaharu Homma

Commander-in-chief of the Japanese Imperial army.


Issued proclamation declaring the end of American rule in
the Philippines.
Established martial law.

The Japanese in the Philippines invited a group of prominent Filipino leaders to form a
new government under the supervision of the Japanese Imperial army.

Philippine Executive Commission

Acted as the temporary government of the Philippines.

Members of Philippines Executive Commission

Jorge B. Vargas Appointed Chairman.


Jose P. Laurel Head of the Department of Justice.
Benigno S. Aquino Head of the Department of Interior.
Rafael Alunan Head of the Department of Agriculture and
Commerce.
Quintin Paredes Head of the Department of Public Work and
Communications.
Antonio Delas Alas Head of the Department of Finance.
Claro M. Recto Head of the Department of Education, Health
and Public Welfare.
Jose Yulo Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

The local government was also reorganized. The provincial,


city and municipal councils were changed into mere advisory
bodies to the provincial governors and city and municipal
mayors who assumed executive and legislative functions.

Manila Enlarged to include the neighboring tows and renamed


City of the Greater Manila.

During Japanese occupation rules were executed with


harshness.
Violations were penalized by slapping from Japanese soldiers
known as the Kempeitai, arrest, torture and even death.

Events

January 21 and 28, 1942 Premier Hideki Tojo declared that the
Philippines would be granted independence provided that the
Filipinos showed proof of their loyalty and cooperation with Japan.

May 6, 1943 Hideki Tojo visited Philippines and announced to the


Filipinos that the Independence would be given to the people in the
same year.

October 14, 1943 Independence of the Philippines was proclaimed


by virtue and power created from the 1943 Constitution.

Jose P. Laurel became the President of the Second Republic.


Benigno S. Aquino became the KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa
Bagong Pilipinas) Director General, was elected speaker.

The Philippine Executive Commission was terminated and the


Japanese Military Administration was withdrawn.
Unfortunately, many Filipinos did not recognize the new
government. They suspected that the new government was
only a puppet controlled by the Japanese government. Also,
the Laurel government was not honored by other countries of
the world except Japan and its allies.

Liberation of the Philippines


from the American forces

It should be noted that not all Filipinos surrendered t o


Japan. In the early days of occupation, many Filipino
and American soldiers who had escaped form prisons
and patriotic civilians secretly formed and organized a
resistance movement known as the Guerillas.
The Guerrilla movement was strengthened as vital
information about Japanese military plans were secretly
sent to them by the high-ranking officials pretending to
collaborate with Japan. With the help of America, the
guerrillas
were
secretly
supplied
with
arms,
communication equipment, as well as food and medical
supplies. In return, the guerrillas supplied General
MacArthur
with vital information concerning the
movements and military plans of Japan.

When the plans were finally approved by Americans Military leaders,


Gen. Douglas MacArthur began liberating the islands from Leyte to
pave way the series of invasion in the islands. This happened on
October 20 1994 when the U.S. warships bombarded Leyte and the
American military forces landed in the eastern part of the island.
Gen. Douglas MacArthur, together with President Sergio Osmena
formally announced the restoration of the Philippine commonwealth
on October 23, 1944 in Tacloban, Leyte. Became the temporary seat
of the Philippine commonwealth.
To stop the American invasion of Leyte, the Japanese military forces
went on to battle at the Leyte Gulf. The battle was a decisive victory
for the Americans forces. This battle known as the Greatest Naval
Battle of the War led to the destruction of the Japanese Navy and
gave the United States complete mastery of the sea.

With the Japanese defeat at the Leyte Gulf and with only a
few planes and ships left to oppose the Americans forces the
Japanese was confronted to adopt a new military tactic known
as Kamikaze or the suicide attacks. The new military tactic
was proposed by Vice Admiral takijiro
Onishi and was
organized in Pampanga on October 19, 1994.
After the liberation of Leyte, the American forces proceeded
to Luzon. To secure successful landing in Luzon, the American
forces invaded Mindoro on December 15 1944. On January 9,
1945, the American forces landed in Lingayen, Pangasinan
and quickly advanced to the nearby towns.
The Japanese forces in Luzon were under the command of
General Tomoyuki Yamashita who holds out in the mountains
of Northern Luzon to prevent the American forces from using
Luzon as a base to attack Japan.

The American Forces, together with the members fo the


guerrilla movement, advanced southwards towards Manila
but the forces encountered stiff resistance when they
attacked Clark Field, Pampanga. On February 3, 1945,
American forces finally reached Manila. The Filipino and
Americans prisoners were liberated.
General Yamashita did not want to defend Manila He
ordered his troops to withdraw from the city and went to
Baguio. But Rear Admiral Sanji Iwabuchi felt it was his duty
to defend the city from the American forces. He decided to
make his final stand in Manila. Rear Admiral Iwabuchi used
Intramuros as his last defense.
The Japanese bitterly resisted the American forces. It took
the Americans more than a month to root out the last
Japanese defenders.

THE POST WAR


PROBLEMS

Upon the return of President Sergio


Osmea Sr,
Philippines faced tremendous problems
Commercial Buildings and school houses and other
physical amenities were destroyed and agricultural lands
were neglected.
Many of our countrymen took advantage of the situation
by hoarding the basic commodities which created more
difficulty to the whole populace.

Commonwealth government initiated


measures to solve the problems of war
Priority was given by the government.
Philippine Civil Affairs Unit being the Agency organized to
facilitate giving out prime commodities.
Foods and clothes were distributed free to the people.
In order to level the prices of goods, President Osmea
issued an Executive Order controlling the prices of foods
in the market and to keep them within the reach of the
people.

Also, to obtain peace and order in the country,


the Osmea government organized the Military
Police Command of the Philippine Army to collect
unlicensed arms and called for the surrender of
those arms.

The problem of collaboration


issue
Many of our prominent politicians, in order to stay in
power, collaborated with the Japanese. After the war, the
collaboration issue was considered the most difficult
problem of Osmeas government.

Settling the issue


Osmea established the Peoples Court and the Office of
the Special Prosecutors to put into trial the Filipinos
including those prominent personalities who committed
crimes during the Japanese administration in the country.
After that, Senator Manuel A. Roxas became the president
that the issue of collaboration was finally resolved by
granting them amnesty.

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