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Topic 5: Basic Graphics

This document discusses the principles of basic graphics, including contrast, alignment, simplicity, proximity, emphasis, and repetition. It explains elements of visual design such as elements, patterns, and arrangement. Elements include visual, oral, and elements of attraction. Patterns are associated with layout, while arrangement takes principles of graphic into account. The document also discusses graphics production equipment like computers, scanners, digital cameras, printers, and plotters.

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Lee Ming Yeo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Topic 5: Basic Graphics

This document discusses the principles of basic graphics, including contrast, alignment, simplicity, proximity, emphasis, and repetition. It explains elements of visual design such as elements, patterns, and arrangement. Elements include visual, oral, and elements of attraction. Patterns are associated with layout, while arrangement takes principles of graphic into account. The document also discusses graphics production equipment like computers, scanners, digital cameras, printers, and plotters.

Uploaded by

Lee Ming Yeo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 5

Basic Graphics
Week 5

.1 Principles of Graphic
The principles of graphic involve methods in
the usage of graphic elements to produce
attractive and effective visuals. There are no
rigid regulations to adhere to, but having
knowledge on the principles of graphic helps
a designer to produce effective materials.

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5.1.1 Contrast
Contrast occurs when there are two different
elements.
The bigger the difference the larger the contrast.
The main idea is to make the difference looks
obvious.
Contrast concerns with image, colour and
typography.
For example
contrast among small and large fonts, fine and
coarse lines and, soothing and bright colours. The
effectiveness lies in attracting attention towards a
design.

5.1.2 Alignment
Alignment is the layout of graphic elements that are
attractively arranged. There is no fix rule to say that
formal alignment is better than informal alignment
or vice-versa as how elements are arranged
depends on ones inclination.
Formal alignment shows equal division among two
visual parts, either left and right or top and bottom.
It acts as a weight having the same amount of load
at both ends. Informal alignment may have the
same amount of load at either sides, left and right
or top and bottom but may not necessary have the
same division in terms of shape or location. Being
dynamic, this layout is more attractive.

Formal

Informal

5.1.3

Simplicity

Simplicity limits fast understanding to the idea in a


design. It is advisable to dislay one thing at a time
as too much ideas tends to be confusing.
For example:
The number of words in a visual display should be
limited to 15 or 20 words only so that the concept is
brief, simple and is capable of stimulating ones
thinking.

5.1.4

Proximity

Proximity is the grouping of related elements so that


it appears near and seen as one united group.
Elements used should be suitable for the theme and
the message to be delivered.
The related elements are dependent on each other
to strengthen the delivery of idea.
It can be produced using arrows, lines, shapes,
colours, textures and spaces.

Arrows

Shapes

Texture

5.1.5 Emphasis
When an idea is emphasised it becomes a centre of
attention and main focus.
Using shapes, colours, lines, connections and
perspective to emphasise, will accentuate the idea
to be easily seen and focused.
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Shape

Colour

Perspective

5.1.6 Repetition
This principle maintains the
consistency of graphic
elements
in displays.
The elements may be
darkened
fonts, rough lines, same
bullets,
colours, elements of the
design,
format, space and others.

5.2 Visual Design


There are three components in a visual
design namely element, pattern and
arrangement.

5.2.1 Element
Element refers to the choice and control of
visuals in a diagram.
Element may occur in the form of visuals,
oral or as attraction.

Visual element takes three forms:


i.

Realistic refers to studies that has been


done to an
object.
ii. Analogy displays and links the concept or
topic
relevant to an
object.
iii. Organisation displays the links between
contents
and concept using textual
elements
such as flow charts,
graphs, maps,

Oral element
Most visual displays are strengthened by
additions of words or sentences.
Titles, questions and any other supportive
words will increase the effectiveness of a
display.
When evaluating a display for teaching
purposes, the aspects on lettering usage that
have to be taken into account are:

i. Lettering styles simple styles assist in


producing
consistency and
harmony
effects in visual
elements.
For example
Roman lettering simplifies reading even
though if one glances through, Helvetica is
ii. Number of lettering styles not more than
suitable for visual displays and Palatino for
three styles
printed texts.
for
iii.
Large and
small letterings preferably use
attractive
displays.
large
letterings
on titles and

iv. Lettering colours legibility depends on


contrasting
lettering colours
with its
v. Lettering size the size
of letterings
background
to used
is based
deliver
a message.
on its legibility from a
specified
vi. Distance between letterings
distance. spaced
equalibriumly,
not too
far apart nor
too close
together
based on
ones legibility.

vii. Distance between rows of sentences


same principle as distance between
letterings.
Sentences will look congested if the rows
are too
narrow, but if rows are too wide apart then
sentence
linkages may look broken.

Element of attraction
Attractive visuals will perpetuate attention
and interest.
For example
2D or 3D surfaces, combination of attractive
colours, orderly arranged texts and, moderate
use of objects.
This visual composition is dependent on the
i.
Space
givesused
rise such
to free
basic
elements
as:spacious feelings
between
displayed elements, giving
graphic a wellplanned and neater look.

ii. Lines links visual elements and directs one


to observe
sequentially.

iii. Surface provides effects for the appearance


of lines on
it.

iv. Shape provides dimensions.

2 dimensional
shapes

3 dimensional
shapes

v. Colour
Simplifies or accentuate the clarity of
visuals.
Orange, red and yellow are considered
bright colours,
linked with sunshine and fire.
These colours may create active effects,
arouse a sense
of feelings, brighten an environment, give
a sense of
closeness, anger, strength and a sense of
spirit.
Hence, these colours are normally used in

Cool or soothing colours are blue, purple


and green.
These are linked to nature such as sky, sea,
water and
plants.
These colours may give the expression of
calmness,
gentleness, peacefulness or melancholy
which resulted
in passive effects.
While white colour signifies purity and
originality.

5.2.2 Pattern
Pattern is associated with the layout of items
in a visual design.
This aspect of layout is emphasised to
attract and maintain ones attention to
visualize the meaning of the content.

5.2.3 Arrangement
The arrangement of elements of a visual design
takes into account the aspects of the principles of
graphic to produce attractive works of art.
Through proper organising and linking between
elements and the principles of graphic, the
contents and contexts are able to direct ones
attention towards important information.
This arrangement can be seen in vsual displays
which adopt the Rule of Thirds.
It shows how a person scans a visual by first
concentrating on the left hand corner of the display.
As a result, main information should be displayed in
this section.

Rule of Thirds

3 Graphics Production Equipments


Graphic images are concrete products.
The transfer of graphic images from an abstract
idea requires specific equipments.
The ability to handle the equipments depends on
the ones capability in displaying the correct
information clearly.
Equipments used in graphic computers are the
basic hardware of the computer system, graphic
tablet, scanner, printer and plotters.
Besides, other equipments such as the digital
camera is frequently too.

Application of computers enables one to see the


effects on layout or changes in typography
without using pen or coloured inks or concrete
traditional media which may take up a lot of space
to display.

a. Scanners

b. Digital
cameras

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