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Fundamental Study of Wimax BY: Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

The document discusses fundamental concepts of WiMAX including: 1. WiMAX is a wireless broadband technology that provides internet access over large areas at low cost as specified by the IEEE 802.16 standard. 2. It outlines the key components of WiMAX including the physical, MAC and security layers. 3. Issues related to WiMAX such as quality of service, interference mitigation through antenna technology, and security measures using the PKM protocol are also examined.

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Md Fahad Khan
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23 views

Fundamental Study of Wimax BY: Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

The document discusses fundamental concepts of WiMAX including: 1. WiMAX is a wireless broadband technology that provides internet access over large areas at low cost as specified by the IEEE 802.16 standard. 2. It outlines the key components of WiMAX including the physical, MAC and security layers. 3. Issues related to WiMAX such as quality of service, interference mitigation through antenna technology, and security measures using the PKM protocol are also examined.

Uploaded by

Md Fahad Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPT.

OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS


ENGINEERING
STAMFOTD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH

FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF WIMAX


BY
MD. FAHAD KHAN, WASHIMUL ISLAM, ASRAFUL MASUD, NIPUN HALDER ANIK

ADVISOR:
MUHAMMAD MOSHIUR RAHMAN TARAFDER

Outline
What is WiMAX
Overview of a WiMAX
The Medium Access Control Layer
How WiMAX Works
Quality of Service
Dealing with Interference of WiMAX
Security

WHAT IS WIMAX?

Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access or


WiMAX is a wireless Internet service designed to cover
wide geographical areas serving large number of users at
low cost.

The technology is specified by institute of Electrical and


Electronics Engineers Inc. as the IEEE 802.16 standard.

BASIC CONSTITUENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS


NETWORK
There are three components of a telephone network. An understanding of the
workings of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is best grasped
by understanding its three major components :

Access
Transport
Switching

Access

Switching

transport

Switching

Access

PERFORMANCE OF CRITERIA OF WIRELESS


NETWORK

The position that wireless technologies will replace the PSTN meets with a
number of objections. Primarily, these objections are focused on

Quality of service (QoS) issues

Security of the wireless network

Limitations in the range of the delivery of the service

The availability of bandwidth

OSI MODEL

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that
characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication
system. Its goal is the interoperability of diverse communication systems with
standard protocols. The original version of the model defined seven layers.
In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer is the first
(lowest) layer.

7.Application Layer
6.Presentation Layer
5.Session Layer
4.Transport Layer
3.Network Layer
2.Data link Layer
1.Physical Layer

ISSUS RELATED TO THE PHYSICAL LAYER OF WIMAX

Orthogonal

Frequency-Division
Multiplexing (OFDM)

Time

Division Duplex (TDD)

Frequency
Adaptive

Division Duplex (FDD)

Antenna System (AAS)

MAC AND PHYSICAL LAYERS OF IEEE 802.16


MAC CONVERGENCE
SUBLAYER

MAC LAYER

MAC PRIVACY SUBLAYER

PHYSICAL LAYER

ATM, Ethernet, IP, 802.1Q

Packing, Fragmentation, ARQ, QoS

Authentication, Key Exchange Privacy


(Encryption)

OFDM, Ranging, Power Control, DFS,


Transmit, Receive

AAS - AD APTIVE ANTENNA SYSTEMS


This is a beam-forming technique and focuses on
using multiple antennas to adapt the signal
energy in certain direction dynamically. Two
parameters are dynamically changed in AAS.
Beam angle and beam width. To support multiple
mobile subscribers in a single sub-channel a
technique known as SDMA is used. SDMA
stands for Space Division Multiple Access.
Base Station

THE MAC AND WIMAX ARCHITECTURE


Typical WiMAX architecture for point-to multipoint
distribution

Base Station

Base Station

Lit
build
ing i
area n metro

IP cloud

Base Station

SERVICE SPECIFIC CONVERGENCE SUB


LAYERS
Common Part Sub layer
The Medium Access Control reserves additional connections for other purposes. One
connection is reserved for contention-based initial access. Another is reserved for
broadcast transmissions in the Downlink as well as for signaling broadcast contentionbased polling of Subscriber Station bandwidth needs. Two header formats are defined:
i. The generic header and
ii. The bandwidth request header
. MAC PDUs contain either MAC management messages or convergence sub layer data.
There are three types of MAC sub headers :

Grant management sub header


Fragmentation sub header
Packing sub header

FRAGMENTATION AND PACKING OF SDUS AND PDUS


Fragmentation is the process in which a MAC (Medium Access Control) SDU (service Data Unit) is
divided into one or more Medium Access Control of service Data Unit fragments. Packing is the process
in which multiple MAC (Medium Access Control) SDUs (service Data Unit) are packed into a single
MAC PDU payload. Either a Base Station for a Downlink connection or an Subscriber Station for an
Uplink connection may initiate both processes.
MAC Layer Service Access Point

SDU

SDU
MAC Layer

PDU

PDU
PHY Layer Service Access Point

SDU

SDU
PHY Layer

PDU

PDU

CHANNEL ACQUISITION
Channel acquisition is the process of finding and acquiring access to a
communication channel. When WiMAX devices initialize ,they begin a channel
scanning process. the subscriber takes the SS out of the box, plugs in power and
Ethernet, and connects almost immediately to the network.
1.SS begins scanning presets frequency for base station.
2. BS responds. Synchronizes with SS.
3. Ranging parameters sets UL-MAP messages in every frame.
SS bursts with increasing power until it reaches/receives
a ranging response from BS.
4. BS responds with timing and power adjustments, management CIDs.
5. SS reports its physical layer capabilities (modulation/coding schemes).
6. BS accepts SS; is ready for service flow.

RADIO LINK CONTROL (RLC)


Radio link control protocol is a layer 2 (link layer) that is used to coordinate the
overall flow of data packets across the radio link. RLC uses error detection and
data retransmission to increase the reliability of the radio link while reducing the
error rate.
1.BS broadcasts burst profiles for uplink (UIUC) and downlink (DIUC).
2. SS does power leveling and ranging with range requests (RNG- REQ).
3. BS responds with range response (RNG- RSP).
4. SS transmits request for DIUC to BS.
5. BS confirms the choice in range response and commands SS to use a
par titular uplink burst profile UIUC in the UL- MAP message.
6. Radio Link Control continues to adapt the SS's current UL and DL
Burst profiles.
7. BS can grant downlink burst profile change request (DBPC- RSP).

LEGACY QUALITY OF SERVICE MECHANISMS

Considering the wireless channel reliability issue, various error control


mechanisms have also been introduced as part of the transmission protocols to
improve jitter, loss rate, and overall throughput. The legacy QoS mechanisms
include the following.

1.

Frequency-division duplex & Time-division duplex & Orthogonal frequency-division


multiplexing
Forward Error Correction (FEC)

2.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

WiMAX Supports QoS Through Different Types of Service as Listed :


Unsolicited Grant Services (UGS)
Real-time polling service
UGS with activity detection
Best-effort service
Non-real-time polling service

NEXT GENERATION QOS MEASURES TO


WIMAX

WiMAX employs both legacy and next generation QoS measures.


The following sections will focus on next generation QoS measures
peculiar to WiMAX.
A configuration and registration function for pre configuring SS based QoS service flows
and traffic parameters

A signaling function for dynamically establishing QoS-enabled service flows and traffic
parameters

Utilization of MAC scheduling and QoS frame parameters for UL service flows

Utilization of QoS traffic parameters for DL service flows

Grouping of service flow properties into named service classes, so upper-Ayer entities and
external applications (at both the SS and BS) may request service flows with desired QoS
parameters in a globally consistent way

FORMS OF INTERFERENCE

Interference can be classified into two broad categories


:
Receiver Filter Characteristic
co-channel (CoCh) interference (internal)
out-of-channel interference (external)
The channel bandwidth of the CoCh interferer may be wider or
Desired Signal
narrower than the desired signal. In the case of a wider
CoCh
interferer, only a portion of its power will fall within the receiver filter
bandwidth. An out of-channel interferer is also shown.
Thermal Noise

Co-channel
Interferer

Out-o
chan f
ne
Inter l
fer
er

COUNTERING INTERFERENCE
Four parameters are brought under the control of network
planners to minimize external sources of interference:

Channel/Band/Frequency

Distance to the interference/Distance to


intended signal (closer is better)

Power levels (lower is better)

Antenna technology

MITIGATING INTERFERENCE WITH


ANTENNA TECHNOLOGY

Multiple Antennas

Adaptive antennas use beam


forming to avoid interference

MITIGATING INTERFERENCE WITH ANTENNA


TECHNOLOGY

Adaptive Antenna Techniques

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Int t-of
erf - ce
ere ll
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e

Ba

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ell

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A

SECURITY IN WIMAX NETWORKS

The Security Sublayer

The PKM Protocol

TEK Exchange Overview

Cryptographic Methods

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