Microsoft Office 2010

Introduction to Computers

Objectives
Define the term computer and discuss the four
basic computer operations: input, process,
output, and storage
Define data and information
Identify the differences among desktop
computers, notebook computers, and mobile
devices
Explain the primary components of the
computer and their use
Describe the use of hard disks, flash memory,
optical discs, and other storage media
Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

Objectives
Discuss computer software and explain
the difference between system software
and application software
Identify several types of application
software
Discuss the Internet and World Wide Web
Describe various types of Internet and
network attacks and how to protect
against them
Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

What Is a Computer?
An electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in its
own memory, that can:
Accept data (input)
Process the data according to specified
rules (process)
Produce results (output)
Store the results (storage) for future use

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

What Is a Computer?

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

What is a Computer?
Four basic operations compromise the
information processing cycle

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

The Components of a Computer

The six primary components of a computer are
input devices, the processor (control unit and
arithmetic/logic unit), memory, output
devices, storage devices, and communications
devices
The processor, memory, and storage devices
are housed in a box-like case called the
system unit
A peripheral is a device that connects to the
system unit and is controlled by the processor
in the computer
Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

The Components of a Computer

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

Personal Computers
and Mobile Devices
A personal computer is a computer that
can perform all of its input, processing,
output, and storage activities by itself
Mobile computer
A mobile device is a computing device
small enough to hold in your hand

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

Personal Computers
and Mobile Devices
Desktop computer
Notebook computer
Laptop computer
Netbook
Tablet PC

Mobile devices
Smart phone
Portable media player
Digital camera

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Input Devices
An input device is any hardware component
that allows you to enter data and instructions
into a computer
A keyboard is an input device that contains keys
users press to enter data and instructions into the
computer
A stylus is a small metal or plastic device that looks
like a tiny ink pen, but uses pressure instead of ink
A mouse is a pointing device that fits comfortably
under the palm of your hand
Most notebook computers have a touchpad, a
small, flat, rectangular pointing device
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Input Devices

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

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Input Devices
Other input for mobile devices

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System Unit
The system unit is a case that contains
electronic components of the computer
used to process data
The processor (CPU) interprets and carries out
the basic instructions that operate a computer
Control unit : directs and coordinates most operations
Arithmetic/logic unit : arithmetic, comparison

Memory (RAM) consists of electronic

components that store instructions waiting to be
executed and data needed by those instructions

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System Unit

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Output Devices
Output devices are hardware components that
convey information to one or more people
A printer is an output device that produces text
and graphics on a physical medium such as
paper
Ink-jet printer
Photo printer produce photo-lab quality pictures
Laser printer uses laser beam and powdered ink
(toner)
Multifunction peripheral (all-in-one device)

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Output Devices

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Display Devices
A display device is an output device
that visually conveys text, graphics,
and video information
LCD monitors use a liquid
crystal display to produce
images on the screen
Pixels

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Display Devices

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Storage Devices
A storage device is the computer hardware
that records and/or retrieves items to and
from storage media
A hard disk is a storage device
that contains one or more
inflexible, circular platters that
use magnetic particles to store
data, instructions, and
information
Sectors
Tracks
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Storage Devices

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

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Storage Devices
An external hard disk is a separate
freestanding hard disk that connects with a
cable to a port on the system unit or
communicates wirelessly
A removable hard disk is a hard disk that you
insert and remove from a drive

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Storage Devices
Flash memory is a type of memory that can
be erased electronically and rewritten
Solid state media
A solid state drive (SSD) is a storage device that
typically uses flash memory to store data,
instructions, and information

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Storage Devices
A memory card is a
removable flash memory
device, usually no bigger
than 1.5 inches in height
or width, that you insert
and remove from a slot
in a computer, mobile
device, or card
reader/writer

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Storage Devices
A USB flash drive,
sometimes called a
thumb drive, is a flash
memory storage device
that plugs into a USB
port on a computer or
mobile device
An ExpressCard module
is a removable device
mobile device that fits
in an ExpressCard slot
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Storage Devices
An optical disc is a
flat, round, portable
metal disc with a
plastic coating
CDs (650 mil to 1 bil
char), DVDs (2 full
movies/ 17 bill
char), Blu-Ray (46
hours of standard
videos/ 100 bil char)
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Storage Devices
Cloud storage is an Internet service
that provides hard disk storage to
computer users

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Communications Devices
A communications device is a hardware
component that enables a computer to
send (transmit) and receive data,
instructions, and information to and
from one or more computers or mobile
devices
Communications occur over transmission
media : cables, telephone lines, cellular
radio, networks and satellites

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Computer Software
Software, also called a program, consists of a
series of related instructions, organized for a
common purpose, that tells the computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform them
Graphical user interface
Web application

System software consists of programs to control

the operations of computer and its devices
Operating system
Utility program

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Computer Software

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

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Computer Software
Application software consists of
programs designed to make users more
productive and/or assist them with
personal tasks
Word processing
Presentation
Spreadsheet
Database
E-mail
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Computer Software

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Networks and the Internet

A network is a collection of computers
and devices connected together, often
wirelessly, via communications devices
and transmission media
Local area network
Wide area network

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Networks and the Internet

The Internet is a worldwide collection of
networks that links millions of
businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals
Internet service provider (ISP)
Online service provider (OSP)
Wireless Internet service provider (WISP)

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Networks and the Internet

The World Wide Web contains billions of
documents called Web pages
Web page
Web site
Web browser
Web address/URL
Hypertext transfer protocol
Set of rules that defines how
Pages transfer on Internet

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Networks and the Internet

When you conduct business activities
online, you are participating in
electronic commerce, also known as ecommerce
Business to consumer (B2C)
Consumer to consumer (C2C)
Business to business (B2B)

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Searching the Web

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Computer Viruses
and Other Malware

Computer virus
Worm
Trojan horse
Rootkit
An antivirus program protects a
computer against viruses by identifying
and removing any computer viruses
found in memory, on storage media, or
on incoming files

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Computer Viruses
and Other Malware

Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

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Summary
Define the term computer and discuss the four
basic computer operations: input, process,
output, and storage
Define data and information
Identify the differences among desktop
computers, notebook computers, and mobile
devices
Explain the primary components of the
computer and their use
Describe the use of hard disks, flash memory,
optical discs, and other storage media
Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

40

Summary
Discuss computer software and explain
the difference between system software
and application software
Identify several types of application
software
Discuss the Internet and World Wide Web
Describe various types of Internet and
network attacks and how to protect
against them
Microsoft Office 2010: Introduction to Computers

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Microsoft Office 2010

Introduction to Computers
Complete