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Clothing and Textile Lectures

This document provides an overview of textiles and clothing, including: - Defining textiles as flexible materials made from natural or artificial fibers spun into yarn. - Classifying fibers based on their source as either natural (vegetable like cotton, linen, jute; animal like wool, silk) or man-made (regenerated, semi-synthetic, synthetic). - Detailing characteristics of important natural fibers like cotton, linen, wool, silk and their advantages and limitations for textile use. - Stating that the learning objective is for students to understand textile fibers, constructions, finishes and appropriate product selection.

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SherylleneAguilera
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888 views

Clothing and Textile Lectures

This document provides an overview of textiles and clothing, including: - Defining textiles as flexible materials made from natural or artificial fibers spun into yarn. - Classifying fibers based on their source as either natural (vegetable like cotton, linen, jute; animal like wool, silk) or man-made (regenerated, semi-synthetic, synthetic). - Detailing characteristics of important natural fibers like cotton, linen, wool, silk and their advantages and limitations for textile use. - Stating that the learning objective is for students to understand textile fibers, constructions, finishes and appropriate product selection.

Uploaded by

SherylleneAguilera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Clothing and Textile

Learning Objective
At the end of this topic, the students will be able to
Define term textile and know brief history
Classify different types of fibers and yarns
Know what textile products to select for specific
uses in their day to day life
Identify the fabric construction and finishes given to
each type of clothing textile
Care of textile products

Brief History
Textiles date back to the Stone Age around 100,000
years ago whereas cotton use dates back to 5,000
B.C.
Silk Road in ancient world = a way to sell textiles
Although simple clothing was worn at first, dyeing
methods developed and clothing started to become
more elaborate

Ancient Egypt = flax


Ancient India = cotton
Ancient China = silk
Ancient Japan = hemp, method of weaving,
cloth made from bark fibers

Flax

Cotton

Silk

What is a Textile?
A textile is a flexible material comprised of a
network of natural or artificial fibers often
referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is
produced by spinning raw wool fibers, linen,
cotton, or other material on a spinning wheel
to produce long strands known as yarn.[1]
Textiles are formed by weaving, knitting,
crocheting, knotting, or pressing

Classification and identification of textile fibers


Textile is classified :
1. Based on source
2. Based on lenght
3. Based on the content
Textile can be identified:
1. By Feel
2. By Lenght
3. By Lustre
4. By Texture

Two types of Fiber based on Source


1. Natural fibers they are obtained from nature
a. vegetable fibers ( cellulose)
e.g. Abaca, Sisal, Buri
b. animal fibers (protein)
e.g. Wool
c. mineral fibers
e.g. Asbestos

Comparison between Animal and Vegetable Fibers


Vegetable Fiber

Animal Fiber

Vegetable fibers are strong


with a crisp feel

Animal fibers are soft to feel

Good heat

Poor heat

Non resilient and crease


easily

Stronger wet when dry

Stronger when wet than dry

Absorbent

Moth proof

Attacked by moths

Affected by mildew in damp


conditions

Not affected by mildew easily

Can be bleached

Damaged by sunlight& alkalis

Not harmed by alkalis

Affected by chlorine bleach

Affected by acids

A. Vegetable Fiber

Vegetable fibers are


obtained from plant
cells

Category
Seed fiber
Leaf fiber

Bast fiber

Description
Fibers collected from seeds or seed cases. e.g.
cotton and kapok
Fibers collected from leaves. e.g., sansevieria,
fique, sisal, banana and agave.
Fibers are collected from the skin or bast
surrounding the stem of their respective plant.
These fibers have higher tensile strength than
other fibers. Therefore, these fibers are used
for durable yarn, fabric, packaging, and paper.
Some examples are flax, jute, kenaf, industrial
hemp, ramie, rattan, and vine fibers.

Skin Fiber
Fruit fiber

Stalk fiber

Fibers are collected from the fruit of the plant,


e.g. coconut (coir) fiber.
Fibers are actually the stalks of the plant. E.g.
straws of wheat, rice, barley, and other crops
including bamboo and grass. Tree wood is also
such a fiber.

1. Cotton
This fibre is obtained
from the seeds of
cotton plant, which
grows 1-2 meters tall .
Advantages

Limitations

Can be dyed easily

Cotton creases easily

Good conductor of heat

Tends to shrink when


washed

Durable since fibre is strong

Sheds lint

Easily dry- cleaned.

Prone to mildew attacks

Good absorbency power

Flammable

Textured effects are easily


available.

Damaged by acids

Highly versatile

Takes longer time to dry

Processed into wide range of


fabrics

When exposed to sunlight it


turns yellow

2. Linen
This fiber is obtained
from the stem of the flax
plant .This is an annual
plant growing maximum
about 40 inches.
Advantages

Limitations

More durable than cotton

Creases & shrinks easily

Withstands constant washing

Prone to mildew attacks

Soil is easily removed from


this

It does not have good


affinity for dyes

Easy to laundry

Takes long time to dry

Stronger when in wet


condition

Linen is flammable

Not affected by sunlight

It is expensive

Good conductor of heat


Can withstand high ironing
temperatures

3. Jute
Obtained from stems of
jute plant

Advantages

Limitations

Inexpensive & can be blended


with other fibres

weak & non-durable

It resists water, fire, mildew


and rot

difficult to bleach

It dyes easily

difficult to laundry

4. Ramie - obtained from stems of plant, it is a woody


fibre , it is also known as china grass & is used for
making rope, twine, sacking & nets.
5. Hemp - obtained from stems of plant & is used for
manufacturing carpets & rags, its used to to make
sacks & canvas
6. Sisal - obtained from the leaves of a plant, resembles
cactus .it is used to make twine , rope, sacking&
nets
7. Kapok - obtained from seeds of the cotton tree& are
smooth & light, it is used for filling of cushions.
8. Coir and Pina - obtained from coconut husk and
leaves of pineapple plants, used in making rope &
mats, also used for stuffing upholstered furniture's
and for making bags

B. Animal Fiber
Animal fibers generally
comprise proteins such as
collagen, keratin and
fibroin; examples include
silk, sinew, wool, catgut,
angora, mohair and
alpaca.

Category

Description

Animal hair (wool or hairs)

Fiber or wool taken from


animals or hairy mammals.
e.g. sheep's wool, goat hair
(cashmere, mohair), alpaca
hair, horse hair, etc.

Silk fiber

Fiber secreted by glands


(often located near the
mouth) of insects during the
preparation of cocoons.

Avian fiber

Fibers from birds, e.g.


feathers and feather fiber.

1. Wool
Obtained from fleece of
sheep
Wool is graded under 4
classes: fine, medium,
long & carpet wools
Advantages

Limitations

Comfortable for wear

Takes long time to dry

Dyes easily

Weak fibers

Does not soil easily

Stretches easily

Can be laundered easily

Good quality is expensive

Flameproof

damaged by moth

Shrink proof

May produce allergic


reaction to skin

Moth resistant

2. Silk
The finest quality of raw silk
is obtained from the cocoon
of the bombyx mori, a type f
silkworm
Advantages

Limitations

Soft feel & lustre

Silk is weakened by
sunlight

Elegant to look at

Becomes weaker when


wet

Strongest natural fibre

Weakened at high
temperatures

Bad conductor of heat

Sensitive to acid

White silk can be


bleached

Very costly

C. Mineral Fiber

Asbestos is a natural mineral fibre


It is obtained from rocks
It is acid proof , rust proof & flame proof
Can withstand extreme temperatures
It is used for making fire fighting suits

2. Manmade fibers they are obtained in


various way
a. re-generated
e.g art silk
b. semi-synthetic
e.g Acetate/ Diacetate/ Lyocell/
Modal/ Rayon/ Triacetate
c. synthetic
Mineral Glass
e.g Carbon/ Tenax/ Basalt/ Metallic
Polymer
e.g Nylon/ Polyester/ Spandex

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