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Biofuels

1. Biofuels are liquid fuels made from plant materials or waste oils that can be used as an alternative to gasoline and diesel in vehicles. 2. The two main types of biofuels are bioethanol, which can substitute for gasoline, and biodiesel, which can substitute for diesel fuel. 3. Biofuels have the characteristics of being renewable, having lower greenhouse gas emissions than fossil fuels, and providing opportunities for agricultural economies.

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RamkrishnaSuthar
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591 views

Biofuels

1. Biofuels are liquid fuels made from plant materials or waste oils that can be used as an alternative to gasoline and diesel in vehicles. 2. The two main types of biofuels are bioethanol, which can substitute for gasoline, and biodiesel, which can substitute for diesel fuel. 3. Biofuels have the characteristics of being renewable, having lower greenhouse gas emissions than fossil fuels, and providing opportunities for agricultural economies.

Uploaded by

RamkrishnaSuthar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOFUELS

Presented By:
Ramkrishna Suthar
GCT/SL/14/4113

SUMMARY
1. Definition of Biofuels
2. Types of Biofuels
3. Characteristics of Biofuels

DEFINITION OF BIOFUELS
Biofuels are liquid fuels, which are made from a variety of
sources of biomass:
plant materials
types of crops
recycled or waste vegetable oils

Biofuels can be used in internal combustion engines, as a


replacement or complement of petrol and dies el.

Reasons for promoting biofuels


To contribute to the security of energy supply;
To contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions;
To promote a greater use of renewable energy;
To diversify agricultural economies into new markets .

TYPES OF BIOFUELS
The two main biofuels are:
1. Bioethanol, as a substitute or additive for
petrol;
2. Biodiesel, as a substitute for diesel;

BIODIESEL

BIODIESEL
Biodiesel is a general name for methyl esters from
organic feedstock.
Biodiesel can be made from a wide range of vegetable
oils:
sunflower
palm oil
soyabeen
recycled cooking oils

USE OF BIODIESEL
Biodiesel can be used pure or
blended.

Most common blends is 5%


biodiesel, 95% diesel

Blends above 5% may invalidate


manufacturers warranty
Blends above 30% may require
modifications in the engine

BIODIESEL AND THE ENVIRONMENT


Use of 100% biodiesel would reduce life-cycle CO 2
emissions by 40 to 50%.
But, this is not common
Use of 5% blend reduces CO 2 emissions by 2 to 2.5%.

Biodiesel is biodegradable

BIOETHANOL
Bioethanol is a alcohol produced from the fermentation
of:
sugarcane and corn: Brazil and USA
sugar beet or wheat: Europe, mainly Spain, Poland
and France are the main producers
cellulosic materials (agricultural and wood wastes) and
separated domestic wastes

BIOETHANOL
A 5% blend of Bioethanol does not require
vehicle modifications, nor affects manufacturers
warranty.
Substitute for MTBE in petrol (octane enhancer)
Flexible Fuelled Vehicles, FFV, can use higher
concentrations of bioethanol

USE OF BIOETHANOL

The energy content of bioethanol is about two-thirds that of petrol


Consumption is higher (volume)
Bioethanol is an alcohol contains oxygen (C2H5OH)
Need to adjust air/fuel ratio modern engines do it up to 10% bioethanol
blends

Bioethanol has a higher latent heat of evaporation


poorer cold start ability in winter. Petrol may need to be used for start
Bioethanol is an octane enhancer
Higher compression ratios may be used More efficiency!!

BIOETHANOL AND THE ENVIRONMENT

For 100% bioethanol the reductions are


typically 50 to 60% on a life-cycle basis
compared with conventional fossil fuels.
5% blends would bring approximately 2.5 to
3% net reductions.

BIOFUELS ECONOMIC ASPECTS


Producing biodiesel from oil seeds costs about
twice as much as diesel from crude oil
Producing bioethanol costs about 2-3 times as
much as petrol from crude oil
Thus
Duty reductions or exemptions are necessary

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