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Wall Construction: Elements of A Building

The document discusses the key elements of building construction, including walls, foundations, doors, windows, roofs, ceilings, floors, gutters and downpipes. It then focuses specifically on walls, describing different wall types, factors affecting wall type selection, standard sizes for brick, block and rubble stone walls. The main components and constituents of brick and block walls are defined. Mortar mixes for brick and block walls are also provided. Dimensions for solid and hollow concrete blocks are listed.

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Mohamed
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86 views

Wall Construction: Elements of A Building

The document discusses the key elements of building construction, including walls, foundations, doors, windows, roofs, ceilings, floors, gutters and downpipes. It then focuses specifically on walls, describing different wall types, factors affecting wall type selection, standard sizes for brick, block and rubble stone walls. The main components and constituents of brick and block walls are defined. Mortar mixes for brick and block walls are also provided. Dimensions for solid and hollow concrete blocks are listed.

Uploaded by

Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WALL CONSTRUCTION

ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING

ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING

1. Walls
2. Foundations
3. Doors
4. Windows
5. Roofs sheets/Tiles
6. Roof structure
7. Ceiling sheets
8. Ceiling structure

9. Floors
10. Gutters, down
pipes,apron and
drains
11. DPC a layer
to prevent
moisture
12.Sun breakers
13.Grills

ELEMENTS OF A BUILDING
5&6
8
7
10

4
1

3
9

11

FUNCTIONS - WALLS
Transfer of loads
vertical, horizontal and
wind loads
Stiffness and stability
Dimensional stability
Good appearance
Exclusion of water, dust
etc.
Heat insulation, sound
insulation

Fire resistance
Durability
Safety against burglars
Exclusion of sun

FUNCTIONS - FOUNDATIONS

Transfer loads
Stiffness
Stability against erosion
Dimensional stability
Exclusion of water
Fire resistance
Durability

Force

FUNCTIONS DOORS and


WINDOWS
Provide movement of people, goods and
equipment
Strength
Dimensional stability
Exclusion of water, dust etc.
Durability
Safety
Sound insulation

FUNCTIONS ROOF
SHEETS AND STRUCTURE

Strength
Dimensional stability
Exclusion of water, dust, sun etc.
Heat insulation
Fire protection
Durability

FUNCTIONS - CEILING

Attractive appearance
Dimensional stability
Heat insulation
Sound insulation
Durability

FUNCTIONS - FLOORS

Strength
Resist wear and tear
Resist abrasion
Transfer loads
Attractive appearance
Durability

FUNCTIONS DOWNPIPES,
GUTTERS, APRONS, DRAINS

Exclusion of water
Strength
Dimensional stability
Durability

FUNCTIONS - DPC
DPC Damp proof course made with two
coats of DPC tar and 20mm thick 1:2
cement:sand mortar layer
Prevents moisture rise to walls
Strength
Dimensional stability

WALLS

Different wall types


(a) Timber shingle walls
(b) Thatched walls
(c) Wattle and daub construction
(d) Soil-cement block work
(e) Sun-dried clay brick walls
(f) Cabook block work
(g) brickwork with burnt bricks
(f) Cement-sand block work
(g) Rubble masonry
(j) Asbestos sheeted/ G.I sheeted walls
(k) Rammed earth walls
(l) stone wall with no mortar joints

Factors affecting the selection of a wall type


depends first on the type of construction to
be used such as temporary, semi-permanent
or permanent .
depends on the materials available at the
construction location and their prices
inclusive of their transport costs
Bricks, Blocks Permanent work
Timber shingles, GI sheets, Asbestos sheets
semi permanent
Thatch, wattle and daub - temporary

Sizes of walls
Brickwalls
Thickness
113mm thick Partition walls
225mm thick Perimeter walls, outside walls of a
building or load bearing walls (walls that carry
roof loads, slab loads etc.)
Thickness = N*113
Length
12m for shrinkage control, use expansion joints

Height 2.5 to 3.0m (86 or 9) 75*N (Preferred)

Sizes of walls
Cement-sand blockwork walls
Thickness
100mm, 150mm and 200mm

Length
Block length = 400mm,
Therefore wall length = N*400mm (Preferred)
Maximum of 6m longer lengths need expansion joints

Height
Block height = 200mm
Wall height = N*200mm (Preferred)
Generally around 3m

Sizes of walls
Random rubble masonry walls
Thickness
Minimum of 300mm

Length
Same as brick walls

Height same as brick walls

Main constituents of Brickwalls


113 or 225
Body of the wall
Plaster of the wall
15mm thick single layer
18mm thick double layer
DPC Damp proof course
Foundation
Rubble masonry,
concrete, etc

Mortar for wall construction


Type of
Mortar

Cement

Sand

Location

Cement:Sand
mortar

5 to 8

Cement:Sand
mortar

Walls above
ground level for
225mm thick
walls
For walls of 113
mm thick.

Main constituents of a wall


Blockwalls
100, 150 or 200
Body of the wall
Plaster of the wall
15mm thick single layer
18mm thick double layer
DPC Damp proof course
Foundation
Rubble masonry,
concrete, bricks etc

Mortar for Block work


Type of
Mortar

Cement

Sand

Location

Cement:Sand
mortar

5 to 6

Cement:Sand
mortar

Walls above
ground level for
200 and 150 mm
thick walls
For walls of 100
mm thick.

BLOCKS
Length
Solid

400
Hollow/Cellular 400
-do400
-do400
-do400

Height

Width

200
200
200
200
200

100
100
150
200
200

Shell
thickness
22mm
30mm
30mm
35mm

Plan

Elevation

Shell thickness

Walls of random rubble


masonry
Stones
Bond stones should be 150mm square
Length of stones shall not exceed 3 times the
height
Hearting or interior filling or spalls consists of
rubble of any kind and not passing through a
circular ring of 150mm inner diameter
plums' projecting about 150mm to 200mm

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