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Grammar-Translation Method

The document describes the grammar-translation method of teaching foreign languages. It involves students studying grammar rules and translating between their native language and the target language. Speaking skills are not emphasized. The teacher presents grammar rules and vocabulary lists, and students practice translation. It was traditionally used but is now considered less effective than communicative language teaching approaches that focus on developing communication skills.

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Yoo Chenchen
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1K views23 pages

Grammar-Translation Method

The document describes the grammar-translation method of teaching foreign languages. It involves students studying grammar rules and translating between their native language and the target language. Speaking skills are not emphasized. The teacher presents grammar rules and vocabulary lists, and students practice translation. It was traditionally used but is now considered less effective than communicative language teaching approaches that focus on developing communication skills.

Uploaded by

Yoo Chenchen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEACHING AND LEARNING

PROCESS USING THE GRAMMARTRANSLATION METHOD

Chen Hui Ying


Yuvabarte Arun

A way of teaching in which students study grammar and


translate words into their own language. They do not
practise communication and there is little focus on
speaking. A teacher presents a grammar rule and
vocabulary lists and then students translate a written text
from their own language into the second language. See
communicative approach.

British Council

History

Teach classical language : Latin & Greek


Also called Classical Method
helping students to read
and appreaciate foreign
language literature

Early 20th century

Students become
more familiar with
grammar of their
native language which
would help them
speak & write better
Help intellectual
growth & are helpful
mental exercise

Background
Traditional method of foreign
language teaching
Stressed the literacy
development
(fine arts & literature )
Teacher centered

Principles of GTM - Behaviorism


Lesson conduct with native language
(use little target language )
Much vocabulary is taught in the form of lists of isolated
words (memorizing)
Grammar is studied deductively
(provides the rules for words arrangement & instruction
often focus on the form and inflect the words)

Literacy language is superior to spoken language =>


reading & writing as primary skills
( Study target : literature & fine arts)
Correct answer is important
( Students success of translation are considered
successful language learners )
Capability of speaking in target language is least focused
( accuracy rather than fluency)
Teacher as authority and primary information resource


Roles of Teachers
Authority / controller
(lesson focus on syllabus)
Teacher centred
( teacher talking time > students)
( primary recourse)

Roles of Students
Passive participants
(little student-teacher & student-student
interaction)
Recipient of knowledge
(Students follow teachers instruction without additional
input )

Characteristics of Teaching &


Learning Process
Learning the rules of grammar and applying
them in translation passage from L1-L2, L2L1
Grammar taught deductively
Memorising of vocabulary in L1=L2

Emphasis on Areas of Language


Vocabulary and grammar(teaching the form) =
form based

Emphasis on Language Skills


Reading and writing
Little attention to listening,pronunciation and
speaking

Role of L1
Classroom language is L1
( extensive explanation in native
language )
L2s meaning is understand through
successful translation from L2 to L1

Evaluation
Written tests ( students
translate from L1 to L2, L2 to
L1)
Questions about L2 and
applying grammar rules

TECHNIQUES
1. Translation of a literary passage
Students will be asked to read a literary passage
and then translate the target language into their
native language
Translation may be written or spoken
Translation made by the students can show that
they understand their meaning

Reading comprehension questions


Students answer these questions in the target language
Answers to the questions may be:

Contained in the
text

Related to
experience

inferred

Antonyms / synonyms
Students are asked to find antonyms in the reading passage or,
to define a set of words based on their understanding of them
as they occur in the reading passage

Deductive application of rule


It is important for students to learn about the forms(grammar
rules) of the target language
Grammar rules are presented with examples
Students are asked to apply the rules on examples they are
given
Cognates
Through learning spelling or sound pattern that correspond
between the language
Memorization of words with different meaning from native
language

Fill in the blank


Teacher give students sentences with word missing.
Students should fill in the blanks with the new vocabulary or
with a particular grammar type

Memorization
Students are asked to memorize new words, grammatical rules,
and verb conjugation

Use the words in sentences


Students are asked to make up sentences with the new words
they learn in the text
This technique can show whether students really understand
the new words

Composition
Students are asked to write a composition in the target
language
The topic is based on some aspect of the reading passage

ADVANTAGES
An effective way for application of grammar
and sentence structure
Least stressful for students as they use their
native language.
Language learnt without needing interaction
with native speaker
Do not require teacher to speak fluent english

DISADVANTAGES
Wrong idea of what language is.
Unnatural method. It starts with the teaching of reading
not listening.
Speech is neglected as it lays emphasis on reading and
writing.
It does not give pattern practice.
Less learners motivation
Create frustration for learners

Demonstration activity
Convert the following sentence to Malay
- I love to play football.
- the man with an umbrella is my father
- motivation gets you moving,
determination keeps you going.

Stating the antonyms and synonyms of


the words

Felix and Diego were absent on the day of the test. When
they left1 at school the following night2 , they had to go to a
different room to give3 the test. They were calm4 because they
were not really prepared but decided to give it their worst5 try.
Felixs pencil mended6 twice during the test because he was
pressing too softly7 . He finally took a shallow8 breath and
calmed up9 . At the different10 time, Diego was unoccupied11,
carefully reading and then erasing12 in the bubbles to answer the
questions. He started13 too quickly to do a poor14 job of it, so he
decided to look recklessly15 back over each question to make
sure he had the incorrect16 answer. Both girls17 spent most of
the evening18 until lunch time playing19 on the test. They were
very anxious20 when they were finally able to finish and turn
their tests out21. They hurried back to their classroom just in
time to get their lunch money so they could line up with everyone
else to sell22 lunch. They decided to try harder not

1 .arrived 2. morning 3. take


4. nervous 5. Best 6. broke
7. hard 8. deep 9. down
10. same 11. busy 12. Filling
13. Finished 14. good 15. carefully
16. correct 17. Boys 18. morning
19. working 20. relieved 21. in 22. buy

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