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Data Communication Networks Protocols and Standards Standard Organizations

This document introduces data communication and networking concepts. It discusses why data communication is important, defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission medium, and lists the key components of a data communication system as the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol. It defines a network and lists advantages of distributed processing. It discusses characteristics, applications, and criteria for effective networks. It also defines protocols and standards and discusses standard organizations.

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105 views15 pages

Data Communication Networks Protocols and Standards Standard Organizations

This document introduces data communication and networking concepts. It discusses why data communication is important, defines data communication as the exchange of data between devices via transmission medium, and lists the key components of a data communication system as the message, sender, receiver, medium, and protocol. It defines a network and lists advantages of distributed processing. It discusses characteristics, applications, and criteria for effective networks. It also defines protocols and standards and discusses standard organizations.

Uploaded by

megapuspitha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1

Introduction
Data Communication
Networks
Protocols and Standards
Standard Organizations

Why study data


communications
Data communications and networking are
important elements that enable information to be
shared
It is important to understand the concepts and
mechanisms of these technologies - what they do
and when to use

Data Communication
Data communication is the exchange of data
between two devices via some form of
transmission medium

(data refers to facts, concepts and instructions presented in


whatever form agreed upon by the parties creating and using the
data)

The communicating devices are part of the


communication system made up of hardware and
software

Data Communication
Characteristics of effective Data Comm Systems

Delivery

Accuracy

The system must deliver data to the correct destination


The system must deliver data accurately

Timeliness

The system must deliver data in a timely manner

Data Communication
Components
5

5
1

3
4

Data Communication
Components

Message the information (data) to be communicated; text,


numbers, pictures, sound, video, etc or combination

Sender the device that sends the message; computer,


workstation, telephone handset, video camera, etc

Receiver the device that receives the message; computer,


workstation, telephone handset, video camera, etc

Medium the physical path for the transmission; copper wire,


fiber-optic cable, laser, radio waves, etc

Protocol the set of rules that govern data communications;


agreement between the communicating devices

Networks
Definition
A network is a set of devices (often referred to as
nodes) connected by media links
A node can be a computer, printer, or any other devices
capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by
other nodes on the network.
The links connecting the devices are called
communication channels.

Networks promotes distributed processing

a task is divided among multiple computers

Networks
Advantages of distributed processing

Security/encapsulation a system designer can limit the kinds of


interaction that a given user can have with the entire system

Distributed databases storage capacity can be at different


locations

Faster problem solving concurrent processing by many


computers in solving a problem is faster than a single computer

Security through redundancy multiple computers running the


same program improve security

Collaborative processing multiple computers/users can interact


on a single task

Networks
Network Criteria

To be considered effective and efficient

Networks
Network Criteria

Performance

Reliability

number of users, type of transmission medium, hardware and


software
frequency of failure, recovery time of a network after a failure

Security

unauthorized access, viruses

Networks
Applications

marketing and sales; financial services (e.g. EFT,


ATM); manufacturing (e.g. collaborative CAD/CAM);
electronic messaging (e-mails); directory services;
information services (e.g. WWW); electronic data
interchange (EDI); teleconferencing; cellular telephone;
cable television

Protocols and Standards


A protocol is a set of rules (conventions) that
govern all aspects of data communication

Defines what is communicated, how it is communicated


and when it is communicated

The key elements syntax (structure/format); semantics


(meaning of the structure); timing (when to send and how fast)

A standard provides a model for development


that makes it possible for a product to work
regardless of manufacturers

Protocols and Standards

De jure legislated by official bodies


De facto industry standard, proprietary & non-proprietary

Standard Organizations
ISO dedicated to a worldwide agreement on international
standards

ITU-T related to the UN for telecommunications


ANSI US non-profit org, representing US to ISO and ITU-T
IEEE largest professional society developing standards for
computing, communication, electrical engineering, electronics

EIA - non-profit org, promoting standards for electronics


manufacturing

Other government regulatory agencies, e.g. SIRIM

Standard Organizations
Forums

Frame Relay Forum

ATM Forum and ATM Consortium

(DEC, Nortel, Cisco, etc)


(PBX exchange manufacturers, telecom providers, etc)

ISOC/IETF

deals with the progress of the Internet

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