Identifying Threads, Sealing Methods and

Industrial Fittings

Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics
necessary to identify threads

Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics
necessary to identify threads
Differentiate between and identify various
types of threads used on industrial fittings

Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics
necessary to identify threads
Differentiate between and identify various
types of threads used on industrial fittings
Explain the various sealing methods used
for the different fittings

Module Objectives
Explain the basic thread characteristics
necessary to identify threads
Differentiate between and identify various
types of threads used on industrial fittings
Explain the various sealing methods used
for the different fittings
Identify different types of fittings being
used in the industrial market place

Thread
Characteristics

Thread Characteristics
Pitch
Thread pitch is the distance between a
single thread

Thread Characteristics
Pitch:
Pitch is sometimes written as the number
of threads within one inch distance
e.g. 8 threads per inch

Thread Characteristics
Flank Angle and Taper Angle:

Thread Characteristics
Crest and Root:

Root
Crest

Thread Characteristics
Major Diameter or OD:

Thread Style and

Function

Thread Styles
Port End Threads:
Parallel

Parallel

Thread Functions
Parallel Threads:
Parallel threads only
serve the function of
holding in the fitting
Sealing is achieved by
some other means,
such as with an O-ring

Thread Styles
Port End Threads:
Tapered

Tapered

Thread Function
Tapered
Threads:
Tapered threads
serve two functions:
For holding in the
fitting
Sealing (even though
sealing is usually
assisted with
additional sealant)

Thread ID Tools

Thread ID Tools

MIK-1 kit
Port Boards
Known Threads
Markings and Tables

Thread ID Tools
MIK-1 kit
Caliper
Thread gages
Thread profiles
Instruction
booklet
Nose angle
indicator

Thread ID Tools
MIK-1 kit
Caliper
Used to measure
outside and
inside diameter
in either inch or
metric units

Thread ID Tools
MIK-1 kit
Thread gages
Used to
compare thread
form to
determine pitch

Thread ID Tools
MIK-1 kit
Thread profiles
Used to shadow
pipe threads for
determining
nominal size

Thread ID Tools
MIK-1 kit
Nose angle
indicator
Used to determine
whether nose angle
or seat is 37 or 45

Thread ID Tools
MIK-1 kit
Instruction booklet
(4303-B1)
Contains
specifications for
various thread forms

Thread ID Tools
Port Board
Used to
determine male
thread size
based on
comparison
with known
threads

Thread ID Tools
Other Known Threads
Tube nuts or other components where threads
can be used for comparison

Thread ID Tools
Markings and Tables
In some cases, fittings are marked with a
cross reference for threads
Tables can be used to identify threads based
on given characteristics

Identifying Threads

Identifying Threads
Steps for Identifying Thread
Forms
:
1a. Verify if parallel or tapered
Visual inspection

Identifying Threads
Steps for Identifying Thread
Forms
:
1b. Verify if parallel or tapered
Compare with a known parallel

Identifying Threads
Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
2. Determine thread pitch
Use thread gages

Bad Fit

Good Fit

Identifying Threads
Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:
3a. Determine size
Measure with caliper or compare with
thread profile

Identifying Threads
Steps for Identifying Thread
Forms
3b. Determine Size
Compare with Profile

Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:

Identifying
Threads
4.
Define thread

Threads are called out according to the type

of thread
They usually follow a standard pattern and
this is how they may appear on a print

Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:

Identifying
Threads
4.
Define thread

NPT/NPTF - American Pipe Thread

Example: 1/4-18 NPT
1/4 = nominal size
18 = pitch (threads per inch)
NPT or NPTF usually specified or NPT/NPTF
where it does not matter if it is either one

Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:

Identifying
4.
Define threadThreads

UN/UNF - Unified (SAE Straight Thread)

Example: 9/16-18 UNF
9/16 = actual size
18 = pitch (threads per inch)
UN or UNF usually specified or UN/UNF where it
does not matter
UNF is usually used for thread pitch above 12 TPI

Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:

Identifying
4.
Define threadThreads
BSPT - British Standard Pipe, Tapered
Example: R3/8
R signifies tapered
3/8 = nominal size
The pitch is usually assumed based on known
standard
Japanese taper thread would be written as PT 3/8

Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:

Identifying
4.
Define threadThreads

BSPP - British Standard Pipe, Parallel

Example: G3/4
G signifies parallel
3/4 = nominal size
The pitch is usually assumed based on known
standard
Japanese parallel thread would be written as PF
3/8

Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:

Identifying
Threads
4.
Define thread
Metric Parallel
Example: M22X1.5

M signifies metric
22 = actual size in mm
1.5 = pitch (distance between threads in
mm)

Steps for Identifying Thread Forms:

Identifying
4.
Define threadThreads

Metric Tapered
Example: M10X1 keg (or tapered)

M signifies metric
10 = actual size in mm
1 = pitch (distance between threads in mm)
keg is the abbreviation for the German word
meaning tapered and if the thread is tapered, it will
be specified

Port End Sealing

Methods

Port End Sealing Methods

Female Port
O-ring in chamfer
Available with
UN/UNF (SAE J1926)
Metric (ISO 6149)
BSPP (JIS B2351)

Port End Sealing Methods

O-ring in chamfer (Male end)

Most reliable form

of sealing
Available in
adjustable fittings
ISO 6149 has special
identification

Port End Sealing Methods

Female Port
Spot face sealing
Available with
Metric (DIN 3852-1)
BSPP (DIN 3852-2)

Wide variety of
interchangeable male
ends

Port End Sealing Methods

O-ring in groove
DIN 3852 Type E
O-ring not round in cross
section
Adjustable not possible
Second in pressure holding
capacity

Port End Sealing Methods

O-ring w/ retaining ring
DIN 3852 Type G & H
Separate metal ring
surrounding o-ring
Adjustable fittings are type
H

Port End Sealing Methods

Bonded Seal
DIN 3852 Type D
Elastomer bonded to metal
ring
Undercut on fitting has
taper angle
Adjustable not possible

Port End Sealing Methods

Hard metal seal
DIN 3852
Typically used on Banjo fittings
Seals by coining surface of port
Limited reusability
Useful for extreme
temperatures
Adjustable not possible

Port End Sealing Methods

Soft Metal Seal
DIN 3852 Type A
Seal material usually
copper
Adjustable not possible
Undercut area has taper
angle

Port End Sealing Methods

Cutting Face Seal
DIN 3852 Type B
Sharp edge on fitting coins
spotface for sealing
Limited reusability
Adjustable not possible
Useful for extreme
temperatures

Port End Sealing Methods

Female Port

Taper threads
Available with
NPT/NPTF (SAE 476)
BSPT (DIN 3852-2)
Metric taper (DIN 3852-1)

Sometimes female port has parallel threads

Tapered male into female parallel allowed

Port End Sealing Methods

Taper threads
Sealing initiated by
thread interference
Additional sealant
usually required
Prone to fatigue failure
Prone to galling

Tube/Hose End
Sealing Methods

Tube End Identification

Tube/Hose Ends

O-ring face seal (flat face seal)

37 flare
45 flare
24 flareless
JIS 30 flare and 60 cone
BSI (BSPP) 60 cone
NPSM/NPT

Tube End Identification

Tube/Hose End
O-ring face seal

SAE J1453
ISO 8434-3
UN/UNF Thread
Hose,Inch or
metric tube

Tube End Identification

Tube/Hose End
37 flare

SAE J514
ISO 8434-2
UN/UNF Thread
Hose, Inch or
metric tube

Tube End Identification

Tube/Hose End
45 flare
SAE J512
UN/UNF
Thread
Hose, Inch
tube

Tube End Identification

Tube/Hose End
24 flareless
SAE J514
UN/UNF Thread
Hose, Inch Tube

Tube End Identification

Tube/Hose End
24 flareless
DIN 2353
ISO 8434-1
Metric
Thread
Hose, Metric
Tube
3 pressure
series

Tube End Identification

Hose End
JIS Cone

B8363
BSPP Thread
60 cone
Hose connection

Tube End Identification

Hose End
JIS Flare

B8363
BSPP Thread
30 flare
Hose connection

Tube End Identification

Hose End
Komatsu Flare
Metric Thread
1.5 mm pitch (all
sizes)
30 flare
Hose connection

Tube End Identification

Hose/Port End
BSPP cone

BS B5200
BSPP thread
60 cone
Hose connection

Tube End Identification

Hose/Port End
NPTF/NPSM
SAE J516
NPT/NPTF male thread
NPSM female thread
30 chamfer or 60
cone
Hose connection

Identifying Metric
24 Flareless
Fittings

Identifying Metric 24
Flareless Fittings
Identify markings

Manufacturers logo
Material code
Tube size
Pressure series

Identifying Metric 24
Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure sleeve ID

Identifying Metric 24
Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure tube OD

Identifying Metric 24
Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure fitting throat

Identifying Metric 24
Flareless Fittings
Determine Tube Size
Measure opening in back of nut

Identifying Metric 24
Flareless Fittings
Determine thread pitch and size

Identifying Metric 24 Flareless Fittings

Verify with
specification
table

Tube OD (mm) Pressure Series

4
LL
6
LL
8
LL
10
LL
12
LL
6
L
8
L
10
L
12
L
15
L
18
L
22
L
28
L
35
L
42
L
6
S
8
S
10
S
12
S
14
S
16
S
20
S
25
S
30
S
38
S

Thread size
M8X1
M10X1
M12X1
M14X1
M16X1
M12X1.5
M14X1.5
M16X1.5
M18X1.5
M22X1.5
M26X1.5
M30X2
M36X2
M45X2
M52X2
M14X1.5
M16X1.5
M18X1.5
M20X1.5
M22X1.5
M24X1.5
M30X2
M36X2
M42X2
M52X2

JIS and BSPP 60

Cone Fittings

JIS and BSPP 60 Cone Fittings

Differences

Thread length
Chamfer diameter
Undercut area
Function (dual vs single)
Interchangeability?

Hands on Exercise

Standards Activity
and
Industry Trends

Standards Activity
Merging of BSI and JIS 60 Cone Adapters
ISO 16030 Pneumatic BSPP Port
High Pressure Multi-Bolt Round Flanges

Industry Trends
Metric Tube (plated)
Elastomeric Seal
EO-2
Machine Tool Builders

ISO 6149
Ag Equipment Manufacturers
Engine Manufacturers

Whats available
From TFD

Whats Available from TFD

K4 Adapters
Tube Fabricating Equipment
Metric Tube
EO and EO-2 Fittings & Accessories
JIS Fittings
Conversion Adapters and Plugs
Metric Triple-lok
Metric Seal-lok
Metric Tube Clamps