HOME APPLIANCES CONTROL

USING LIFI

ABSTRACT
In modern days, we must use various high-tech
machineries and equipments to get our jobs done and
make the life easier. the Home Automation systems
has seen a rapid changes due to introduction of
various wireless technologies The explosion in the
wireless technology has seen the emergence of many
standards. This paper mainly focuses on the
controlling of home appliances remotely and providing
security when the user is from the place. These
machineries should be controlled by the homeowner
from in a location as the homeowner might be away
from home at workplace in a different place.

INTRODUCTION

With the development of technology and the continuous

improvement of people's living standard, people are in
pursuit of automated, intelligent and convenient home
control systems.
At present, the PC is used as the remote control terminal for
most home control systems; however, there are some
problems in the PC monitor terminal, such as its great bulk,
inconvenience to carry, high cost, limited monitoring range
and so on. Therefore, its a good choice to design a terminal
based on phone. With the popularity of smart phones,
particularly, the phone based on Android system is rapidly
developed.
At its I/O developer conference, Google showed a sneak
preview of its Android Home project, which will extend the
Android platform into household objects. It means that the
remote control based on Android phone will become a
mainstream way. After logging into the control interface,
users can easily control the lights, TVs and air conditionings

BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRANSMITTER

POWER
SUPPLY
ANDROID
MOBILE
PHONE

BLUETOOT
H MODULE

MICRO
COTNTROLLE
R

LIFI
TX


RECEIVER

POWER
SUPPLY

LIFI RX

MICRO
COTNTROL
LER

LIGHT
RELAY

FAN

HARDWARE USED:

MICROCONTROLLER
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
LIFI (RX,TX)
LCD

SOFTWARE USED:
EMBEDDED C LANGUAGE
KEIL C COMPILER

Power Supply

 The power supply section is the important one. It should

deliver constant output regulated power supply for successful
working of the project. A 0-12V/1 mA transformer is used for
this purpose. The primary of this transformer is connected in
to main supply through on/off switch& fuse for protecting
from overload and short circuit protection. The secondary is
connected to the diodes to convert 12V AC to 12V DC
voltage. And filtered by the capacitors, which is further
regulated to +5v, by using IC 7805.

LIFI

Introduction

LiFi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses

light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission.

LiFi is designed to use LED light bulbs similar to those

currently in use in many energy-conscious homes and
offices.

However, LiFi bulbs are outfitted with a chip that modulates

the light imperceptibly for optical data transmission.

LiFi data is transmitted by the LED bulbs and received by

photoreceptors.

History

Professor Harald Haas, from the University of

Edinburgh in the UK, is widely recognised as the
original founder of Li-Fi.

He coined the term Li-Fi and is Chair of Mobile

Communications at the University of Edinburgh
and co-founder of pureLiFi.

Haas promoted this technology in his 2011 TED

Global talk and helped start a company to market
it.

In October 2011, companies and industry groups

formed the Li-Fi Consortium, to promote highspeed optical wireless systems.

The first Li-Fi smartphone prototype was

presented at the Consumer Electronics Show in
Las Vegas from January 710 in 2014.

Prof. Harald
Haas

Li-1st, the first Li-Fi

product

Present Scenario

1.4
millions +

6.8
billion +

Issues Regarding Radio

Spectrum

Availability

Capacity

Efficiency

Security

Disadvantages Of Other Spectrums

Insuffici
ent
spectru
m for
increasi
ng data

Low
power
applicat
ion

Danger
ous for
human
body
Which
is not
used
so far.

Used
for
hospita
ls

It is
not
used
gener
ally

Working of LI-FI
The LEDs can be switched on and off very quickly which
gives nice opportunity for data transfer in the form of
Binary code.
Switching ON an LED is logical 1,switching of an LED is
logical 0.
Hence it is possible to encode the data into the LEDs by
using a controller ,we just have to vary at which LEDs
flicker depending on the data we want to encode to give
different strings of 0s and 1s.
UK researches say that using a micro-LED light bulb they
have achieved a data transmission speed of 10Gbps using
LI-FI.

Main Components Of
Communication
System
A high brightness white LED, Which act as a
communication source.
A silicon photodiode which shows good
response to visible wavelength region serving as
the receiving element.

Receiving
elements

Transmitting
elements

Advantageous Due To
Parallel Data
Transmission.

Differences
Between
Technologies

PROCESS
LED is connected to the transmitter and light sensor to the
receiver. LED, photo detector registers a binary 1 for ON else
its 0 for OFF. The LEDS can be switched ON and OFF very
quickly which gives nice opportunities for transmitting data.
LED is light illuminating Device and its intensity can modulate
in a way that indictable to the human eye. The basic idea by
ganging together many small light source rather than one light
source we still have capability to do lightning. We are dividing
active area into many thousands of much smaller elements and
these individual elements that we called micro LEDs which is
very small on micro scale and when we shrunk the individual
potential illumination device then effect come into the play.

 The effect offers us to switch ON and OFF the device much more quickly.
This is the basic approach that we can divide up large area device into
many thousand much smaller devices and it increases the bandwidth for
ON and OFF the switching capability, speed and some other beneficial
characteristics come into play. When the device come into play then it will
give the possibility to send independent communication signal from each
individual element in the array. We have more than thousand potentially
independent lightning communication channel to start the operation. This is
the basic idea of very small devices which is capable of transmitting very
high amount of data with speed around 10mbps rather than a single LED or
large LED. This is very helpful in transmitting data to many vehicles at a
single point of time. The receiver in vehicles will intercept these incoming
data with the help of Photodiode and display on The LCD which will
provide for assistance to the driver.


TRANSMITTER

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

MICROCONTROLLER

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

LEDS are semiconductor electronic device. Tiny LED is
being developed that could do simultaneously many task
such as deliver data, display information and provide
lightning. It is a next stage to research visible light to
transmit essentially means that we take new generation
of energy saving light bulbs which is made of LED and we
use same illumination end for data transmission and not
only data transmission but very high data transmission.
The tiny LED is made from gallium nitrate, a manmade
semiconductor material. Its very good characteristics
that its intensity can be modulated at a very high speed
that means switched ON and OFF at a very high speed
which is the basic fundamental property used in LIFI.

MICROCONTROLLER
It is a common and an important
component in both transmitter and
receiver. It has 256 x 8 bits internal
RAM,
it
has
an
In
system
reprogrammable flash memory of
8000 bytes. The microcontroller is
programmed with the data of
highway routes. In transmitter it
interfaces with LED and in receiver it
interfaces with photodiode and LCD.

RECEIVER
PHOTO DETECTOR

RECEIVER
Receiver receives signal through photo detector and
signal processing is done in the receiver section.
Receiver ignores constant light because receiver is
interested only in certain changes or modulated
intensity at very high speed. The certain changes in
amplitude in light bulb occur at the same time of
illumination of light bulb and transmission of data.
Other components of the receiver are buzzer, LCD.

PHOTO DETECTOR
The Photo Detector is a sensor of light and electromechanical
energy. It works in forward bias by absorbing light. In this
paper the photo detector absorbs light from the light emitting
diode. The photo detector picks up the signal which is
converted back into a data stream and sent to the client. The
client can communicate through its own LED output or over
the existing network.

WORKING
Two basic components of any project are its transmitter
and receiver. The transmitter we have used here is a
smart pole. It has many components such as LED which
is a high glow white light emitting diode, crystal
oscillator which is working at 11.085 MHz to provide
constant frequency so as to maintain constant clock
pulse, voltage regulator, which is giving a constant
voltage of 5V by stepping down the supply voltage from
transmitter and receiver. The microcontroller present is a
common component in both transmitter and receiver.

 The microcontroller has the data of highway routes fed in.

It is data programmed in it.It also contributes in
interfacing. The receiver in the project is a moving vehicle
or any ordinary car which has photo detector, buzzer. The
photo detector absorbs the incoming light from the LEDs
and passes onto the microcontroller which intercepts the
light into data to visible on the LCD in the vehicle. The
buzzer will beep as soon as the data is received by the
photo detector. To summarize, the project is basically a
transmission and reception of information and data in
form of light energy which is used for navigation.

Applications

Underwater
Communications

Vehicles &
Transportation

Hazardous
Environments

RF Avoidance

Hospital &
Healthcare

Location Based
Services (LBS)

Toys

RF Spectrum Relief

Smart Lighting

Mobile Connectivity

Aviation

Advantages
Higher speeds than Wi-Fi.
10000 times the frequency spectrum of radio.
More secure because data cannot be intercepted
without a clear line of sight.
Prevents piggybacking.
Eliminates neighboring network interference.
Unimpeded by radio interference.
Does not create interference in sensitive
electronics, making it better for use in
environments like hospitals and aircraft.

Disadvantages
Light can't pass through objects.
A major challenge facing Li-Fi is how the receiving
device will transmit back to transmitter.
High installation cost of the VLC systems
Interferences from external light sources like sun,
light, normal bulbs, opaque materials .

FUTURE SCOPE
Light Fidelity is the future of
communication. It is a fast and cheap
system of communication and an
optical version of LiFi. It will increase
the speed of wireless data
communication. This project has very
wide scope in near future as it can
help

CONCLUSION
This paper mainly focuses on the
controlling of home
appliances remotely and providing
security when the user is
from the
place. These machineries should be
controlled by the homeowner from in
a location as the homeowner might
be away from home at workplace in a
different place.

REFERENCES
1) "Visible-light communication: Tripping the light fantastic: A fast and
cheap optical version of Wi-Fi is coming". The Economist. 28 January
2012. Retrieved 22 October 2013.
2) Haas, Harald (July 2011). "Wireless data from every light bulb". TED
Global. Edinburgh, Scotland.
3) Iain Thomson (18 October 2013). "Forget Wi-Fi, boffins get 150Mbps
Li-Fi connection from a light bulb: Many hands make light work". The
Register. Retrieved 22Oct13.
4) Wi-Fi Alliance: organization Retrieved august 23, 2011.
5) Hassan Yagoobi, Scalable OFDMA Physical Layer in IEEE 802.16
Wireless MAN, Intel Technology Journal, Vol 08, August 2004.
6) W. Xiao and R. Ratasuk,- Analysis of Hybrid ARQ with Link Adaptation,
Proceedings of the Annual Allerton Conference on Communications,
Control and Computing pp. 1618-1619, Oct 2002.

Conclusion
By using Li-Fi in all the lights in and around a
building, the technology could enable greater
area of coverage than a singleWi-Firouter.
Drawbacks to the technology include the
need for a clear line of sight, difficulties with
mobility and the requirement that lights stay
on for operation.