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24.5 Imperialism in China

The document summarizes Western imperialism in China in the 19th century. It describes how Britain went to war with China twice to force open trade and concessions, including allowing the sale of opium. Massive rebellions like the Taiping Rebellion weakened China and led to debates about reforms. However, conservatives opposed changes. Western powers established spheres of influence over China and created the Open Door Policy. The anti-foreign Boxer Uprising was defeated by Western forces, further humiliating China and increasing calls for reform. By the early 1900s, some Chinese sought a constitutional monarchy or republic to modernize the nation.

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56 views

24.5 Imperialism in China

The document summarizes Western imperialism in China in the 19th century. It describes how Britain went to war with China twice to force open trade and concessions, including allowing the sale of opium. Massive rebellions like the Taiping Rebellion weakened China and led to debates about reforms. However, conservatives opposed changes. Western powers established spheres of influence over China and created the Open Door Policy. The anti-foreign Boxer Uprising was defeated by Western forces, further humiliating China and increasing calls for reform. By the early 1900s, some Chinese sought a constitutional monarchy or republic to modernize the nation.

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24.

5 Imperialism in China

Objectives

Describe the trade rights Westerners sought in China.

Explain the internal problems that Chinese reformers tried to


solve.

Understand how the Qing dynasty fell.

SS.912.W.6.7:
Identify major events in China during the 19th and early 20th
centuries related to imperialism.
Remarks/Examples:
Western incursions, Opium Wars, Taiping and Boxer
Rebellions, nationalist revolution.

In the 1800s, Chinas relationship with the


West changed markedly.

China had long enjoyed a favorable balance of


trade with Europeans.

The Chinese limited where, when, and how much


European merchants could trade.

China exchanged porcelain, tea, and silk for gold


and silver and enjoyed a trade surplus.

Europeans had a trade deficit with China,


buying more from China than they sold.

By the late
1700s, 2
developments
changed this
relationship.

British
merchants also
began selling
the drug opium
to the Chinese,
causing silver
to flow out of
China and
disrupting the
economy.

China entered a period of decline.

Europe gained power due to its


Industrial Revolution.

To stop the use


of drugs, China
outlawed opium
and executed the
drug dealers.

Britain would
not stop the
sales, saying
they had a
right to free
trade.

The result
was the
Opium War
in 1839.

Chinese warships were no match for British


gunboats. Britain easily defeated China.

Opium War 1839 China outlawed opium & clashed


with British merchants selling it in China; British
gunboats easily defeated the Chinese
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Kvkpuarvyk

The Chinese were forced to sign the Treaty of


Nanjing. The treaty included payment of a huge
indemnity to Britain and granted British subjects
in China extraterritoriality.

The treaty was the first


of several forcing China
to make concessions.

A second war forced


China to open her ports
and to allow in Christian
missionaries.

Taiping Rebellion a massive peasant uprising against


corruption in the Qing dynasty; 1850 - 1864, 20 to 30
million may have died

Failure to
maintain
irrigation
systems and
canals led to
massive floods
in the Huang
Valley.

While peasants
suffered with
high taxes, the
imperial court
lived lavishly.

Suffering
peasants
rebelled
between
1850 and
1864.

Imperial forces eventually put down the rebellion.


Between 20 and 30 million people died.

The death and


destruction of
the Taiping
Rebellion led
to debate
about the need
for reform.

Most Chinese leaders saw


no need to adopt Western
industry. They feared
Western technology as
disruptive.

Scholar-officials thought
that Western ideas of
individual choice
contradicted Confucian
tradition.

Reformers in the
1860s began the
self-strengthening
movement,
translating Western
works and developing
Western-style
industries.

In the late 1800s,


Empress Ci Xi
gained power. She
opposed change
and was committed
to Confucian
tradition.

Open Door Policy the 1899 United States


policy demanding open trade in China

The United States, which had long traded


with China, feared that the creation of these
spheres of influence would shut out
American merchants.

In 1899, the United


States called on
other nations to keep
Chinese trade open
to all.

Imperialist powers
accepted this
Open Door Policy.
The Chinese, who
were not consulted,
had to accept it.

Boxer Uprising anti-foreign movement in China from


18981900
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=F4QdEKjEg88
In 1900, a secret society, The Righteous
Harmonious Fists, launched an attempt to
drive the foreign devils out of China.

The Boxer Uprising


attacked foreigners
all across China.

Western powers
joined forces to
defeat the Boxers.

As a result
of the Boxer
Uprising, China
had again been
forced to grant
concessions to
foreigners.

As a result, even
conservatives began to
recognize the need for reform.

Schools stressed science and


mathematics instead of
Confucian thought. Women
were permitted to attend.

China began to expand


economically and a new
business class emerged.

Though the Boxer Uprising had failed, the


flames of Chinese nationalism spread.

By the early 1900s, reformers created a


constitutional monarchy, & some even called for a
republic.

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