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Ieee 802.11E Qos On Wlans: Speaker: Min-Hua Yang Advisor: Ho-Ting Wu Date: 10/25/05

This document provides an overview of IEEE 802.11e, which defines enhancements to support quality of service (QoS) in wireless local area networks (WLANs). It describes the limitations of the original 802.11 standard in providing QoS guarantees. The key mechanisms introduced in 802.11e are the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) which provide prioritized channel access and controlled channel access respectively. Simulation results show that 802.11e is effective in maintaining throughput and delay requirements for high priority audio and video traffic under different load conditions.

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REVATHY RATHEESH
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29 views

Ieee 802.11E Qos On Wlans: Speaker: Min-Hua Yang Advisor: Ho-Ting Wu Date: 10/25/05

This document provides an overview of IEEE 802.11e, which defines enhancements to support quality of service (QoS) in wireless local area networks (WLANs). It describes the limitations of the original 802.11 standard in providing QoS guarantees. The key mechanisms introduced in 802.11e are the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) which provide prioritized channel access and controlled channel access respectively. Simulation results show that 802.11e is effective in maintaining throughput and delay requirements for high priority audio and video traffic under different load conditions.

Uploaded by

REVATHY RATHEESH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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You are on page 1/ 46

IEEE 802.

11e
QoS on WLANs
Speaker : Min-Hua Yang
Advisor : Ho-Ting Wu
Date: 10/25/05

Overview

802.11 background information


DCF
PCF
Qos

limitations of 802.11

802.11e (QoS support)


EDCA
HCCA

Simulation result

IEEE 802.11 background information

WLAN( Wireless Local Area Network )


A LAN

to which mobile users (clients) can


connect and communicate by means of highfrequency radio waves rather than wires.
WLAN Standard
IEEE

802.11 (IEEE)
HiperLAN (European Telecommunications Standards
Institute, ETSI)

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.11 Topology


Basic Service set networks (BSS)
Independent BSS networks
Infrastructure BSS
Extended Service Set (ESS) networks

The Basic Service Set (BSS)

The BSS consists of a group of any number of stations.

The basic building block of IEEE 802.11 LAN

Independent BSS (IBSS) network

stations communicate
directly
no connection to a
wired network
Ad hoc network

Infrastructure BSS (BSS)

Include an access point


(AP)

The AP may have


connection to an wired
network
All stations communicate
with the AP

Communication between
stations must go through
AP

consume twice the


bandwidth

The Extended Service Set(ESS)

Distribution system (DS) provides logical services


necessary to handle address-to-destination mapping and
seamless integration of multiple BSSs
An AP is a STA that provides access to the DS

Terminology- Interframe Space

Time interval between frames.


SIFS

Short Interframe Space


PIFS PCF Interframe Space
DIFS DCF Interframe Space
DIFS > PIFS > SIFS

Fixed for each PHY


Provide priority levels

IEEE 802.11

Two coordination functions are defined


the mandatory Distributed Coordination
Function ( DCF) based on CSMA/CA
optional Point Coordination Function (PCF)
based on poll-and-response mechanism.

Most of todays 802.11 devices operate in


the DCF mode only.

Distributed Coordination Function ( DCF)


Possible in both Infrastructure and Ad hoc
mode
Known as Carrier Sense Multiple Access
with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
Used During Contention period (CP)
DCF can support best-effort services , not
any QoS guarantees.

Basic Access Mechanism-CSMA/CA

Sense the medium before transmitting.


If the medium is not busy, the transmission may
proceed.
If the medium is busy, invoke backoff procedure.
Transmit after the backoff procedure
If the transmission is not successful, invoke
backoff procedure.

Virtual Carrier Sense Mechanism


Network Allocation Vector (NAV)
Set NAV based on duration information
(available in MAC header, RTS, CTS)
NAV counts down to zero at a uniform
rate.
IF NAV=0, medium is idle; otherwise, it is
busy.

Basic Access Mechanism-CSMA/CA

Example of backoff intervals

IEEE 802.11 DCF (cont.)


BackoffTime = Random() aSlotTime
where
Random( ) = [0, CW]

CWmin CW CWmax.

aSlotTime fixed for each PHY


CWnew= (CWold+ 1) PF 1 (where PF=2)
PF : Persistence Factor

A example of CW

Other Collision Avoidance


Mechanism RTS/CTS

Hidden Terminal Problem:


Hidden

Terminal are STAs that the receiver can hear


but that cannot be detected by other senders.

In order to solve the problem,a optional


RTS/CTS is introduced.
The source sends a short RTS frame before
each data transmission,and the receiver replies
with a CTS frame if it is ready to receive.

Basic access scheme v.s


RTS/CTS access scheme

Point Coordination Function (PCF)


[Optional
Standard] Period (CFP)
Used duringin
Contention-Free

A single AP controls access to the medium, and


a Point Coordinator (PC) Agent resides in the AP.
AP polls each station for data, and after a given
time interval moves to the next station.
No stations are allowed to transmit unless it is
polled.
AP could have a priority scheme for stations.
PCF is useful for time-sensitive applications.

PCF(cont.)

IEEE Legacy 802.11 MAC

SuperFrame consists of Contention Period


(CP) and Contention Free Period (CFP).
PCF used during CFP and DCF used during
CP.

QoS Limitations of 802.11

DCF (Distributed Coordination Function)

Only support best-effort services


No guarantee in bandwidth, packet delay and jitter
Throughput degradation in the heavy load

PCF (Point Coordination Function)

Inefficient central polling scheme


Unpredictable beacon frame delay due to incompatible
cooperation between CP and CFP modes
Transmission time of the polled stations is difficult to control

IEEE 802.11e Overview

New terminology

QAP QoS Access Point


QSTA QoS Station
HC Hybrid Coordinator

In order to support QoS in 802.11 WLAN , 802.11e has


defined a new mechanism , namely, Hybrid Coordination
Function (HCF).
HCF is implemented by all QAPs and QSTAs
HCF has two access mechanisms

Contention based

Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA)

Controlled channel access

HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA)

IEEE 802.11e MAC frame format

IEEE 802.11e Overview - Enhanced distributed


channel access (EDCA)

EDCA defines four Access Categories (AC)

EDCA supports 8 User Priority (UP) values

Background
Best Effort
Voice
Video
Priority values (0 to 7) identical to the IEEE 802.1D priorities

Rules

One UP belongs to one AC


Each AC may contains more than one UP
Traffic of higher UP will be transmitted first in one AC

IEEE 802.11e OverviewUser Priority (UP)

8 User Priority
Identical

to IEEE 802.1D priority tags.

Basic concepts Transmission opportunity


(TXOP)

Time interval permitted for a particular STA to


transmit packets.
During the TXOP, there can be a series of
frames transmitted by an STA separated by
SIFS.
TXOP types
EDCA TXOP

initiation
Obtained by winning a successful EDCF
contention
Polled TXOP (HCCA TXOP)

Obtained by receiving a QoS CF-poll frame from the QAP

802.11e EDCF Access Category

EDCF defines access category (AC) mechanism to


support the priority mechanism at the non-AP QSTAs.
Each QSTA has four ACs.
An AC is an enhanced variant of the DCF which
contends for transmission opportunity (TXOP) using the
set of parameters such as CWmin[AC], CWmax[AC],
AIFS[AC], etc.
Each AC queue works as an independent DCF STA and
uses its backoff parameter.
In EDCA, the size of Contention-Window (CW) and Interframe space (IFS) is dependent on AC

EDCA Accessing the medium

EDCA use different IFSs


SIFS ACKs, between multiple frames with the
continuation EDCA TXOP
DIFS / AIFS Used by DCF and EDCA for different
access categories

EDCF - Arbitration Interframe Space (AIFS)


QSTA use AIFS to defer the contention
window or transmission for each AC
AIFS[AC] = AIFSN[AC]x aSlotTime+
aSIFTime

AIFSN

for each AC is broadcast via beacon


frame containing EDCA Parameter
Setelement

DIFS = 2 x aSlotTime+ aSIFTime

EDCF Some elements of the


Beacon frame

Default EDCF Parameter Set

EDCA details

Each AC has own

Interframe space AIFS


Backoff Counter (BO)
CWmin, CWmax, CW
TXOP limit
QSTA listens beacon frames
to receive this information

Each QSTA implements own


queues for each AC traffic
From the queues the frame
with the highest priority is sent
if internal collision happens

Legacy 802.11 station and 802.11e station with


four ACs within one station.

802.11e HCCA Overview - Hybrid


Coordination Function(HCF)

Designed to increase efficiency by reducing the


contention on the medium
Uses polling
Like

PCF
Thus, HCCA can send polling both under CFP and
CP
PCF Only polling in CP

Specifically assigned transmit times for every


frame
Enables QoS guarantees

802.11e HCCA (cont.)


Has higher priority than EDCA .Under
HCCA, HC(Hybrid Coordinator) has full
controll over the wireless medium
If HC needs it, it could take over the
controll of the medium by sending a QoS
CF-Poll

802.11e HCCA (cont.)

Differences between hybrid coordinator


(HC) and point coordinator (PC):
HC

can poll QSTAs in both CP and CFP


HC grants a polled TXOP to one QSTA, which
restricts the duration of the QSTAs access to
the medium.

An example of an 802.11e superframe

Improve Efficiency 802.11e

Block Acknowledgment

Send multiple MSDUs without a bunch of ACKs


Group ACK

Direct Link Protocol (LDP)

No support for DLP in legacy MAC Needs to talk through the


AP
Less use of the channel
The STAs is enable to talk directly to each other
Sounds easy, lots of things to think about:

Power saving
Security

Simulation-QoS , does it work?

EDCF Parameters for three queues

Throughput and delay performance


for EDCF

EDCF maintains the throughput of high-priority audio and video flows by


punishing the background traffic.

Throughput(KB/s)

Comparison of total throughput


between EDCF and DCF

The total throughput of EDCF is lower than that of DCF


when the traffic load is larger than 48%:EDCF reduces the
throughput of low-priority flows considerable and therefore
results in decreasing the total throughput.

Mean delay of audio,CBR video versus


channel load for EDCF and HCF

The result show that the HCF controlled channel access


mechanism can guarantee the minimum delay requierment(50ms)
for the admitted flows in different load rate
EDCF works very well under low load conditions but suffers from
delay degradation in high-load condition

Reference

Qiang Ni, Lamia Romdhani, and Thierry Turletti. "A


Survey of QoS Enhancements for IEEE 802.11
Wireless LAN". Wiley Journal of Wireless
Communication and Mobile Computing (JWCMC), John
Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2004; Volume 4, Issue 5: 547-566.
Analysis of IEEE 802.11e for QoS support in
wireless LANs
Mangold, S.; Sunghyun Choi; Hiertz, G.R.; Klein, O.;
Walke, B.;Wireless Communications, IEEE Volume 10,
Issue 6, Dec. 2003 Page(s):40 - 50
Yu-Sun Liu Ph. D. WLAN
Google.com

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