Scribd
Upload
126 views

Waves 3

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium from one place to another without transferring matter. The speed of waves depends on the properties of the medium. Energy is transferred through displacement of the medium and properties like wavelength, frequency, and intensity can be measured. Different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum include radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays which have various applications and dangers.

Uploaded by

Leighton Thompson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
126 views

Waves 3

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a medium from one place to another without transferring matter. The speed of waves depends on the properties of the medium. Energy is transferred through displacement of the medium and properties like wavelength, frequency, and intensity can be measured. Different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum include radio waves, microwaves, infrared rays, visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays which have various applications and dangers.

Uploaded by

Leighton Thompson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

Created by a disturbance.

Waves carry energy from one


place to another

Waves (Def.) A wave is a


disturbance that transfers energy.

Medium Substance or region


through which a wave is
transmitted.

Speed of Waves Depends on the


properties of the medium.

Water wave. The particles of water oscillate up and


down from the equilibrium position. The wave is
travelling from left to right. P is going down, Q is at the
maximum displacement, and R is going up.

Energy is transferred without transfer of


matter e.g.???????

2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

Displacement
Wavelength
Period (deduce an expression for the
speed)
Intensity (relation to amplitude A)
Frequency
Phase- Fraction of cycle the particle has
passed through relative to a given
starting point.

Phase difference -is the fraction of a


cycle by which one leads or lags
behind the other.
Path difference- between two waves is
the number of cycles difference there
is in the distance they have to travel.
Sine and Cosine are out of phase by /2
radians.

A ripple tank dipper makes 8 water waves


in a time of 2s. When it is just about to
make the 9th wave, the first wave has
travelled 48 cm from the dipper.
(a) What is the frequency of the waves?
(b) What is the wavelength of the
waves?
(c) What is the wave speed?

Solution
(a) Period of each wave = 2/8 = 0.25 s () f = 1/0.25
= 4 Hz
(b) wavelength = 48/8 = 6 cm
(c) speed v = f = 4 Hz 6 cm = 24 cm/s ()

On the picture below, draw a second wave that is


lagging the first wave by 90o, i.e. its behind the
first wave. Draw another wave that is radians
out of phase. Is it leading or lagging?

Both longitudinal and transverse waves can be represented


by a displacement-distance graph. If we take a snapshot
of a wave at any instant, we see:

Transverse

Longitudinal
Notice that we obtain the same graph.

Cant differentiate by looking!!!

Speed in Vacuum
300,000 km/sec
i.e. 3 x 108 m/s
Speed in Other Materials
Slower in Air, Water, Glass

2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

Energy is perpendicular to
direction of motion
Moving photon creates electric &
magnetic field
Light has BOTH Electric &
Magnetic fields at right angles!

2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

Visible Spectrum Light we can


see
Roy G. Biv Acronym for Red,
Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue,
Indigo, & Violet.
Largest to Smallest Wavelength.

Invisible Spectrum
Radio Waves
Def. Longest wavelength
& lowest frequency.
Uses Radio & T.V.
broadcasting.
2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

2000 Microsoft Clip Gallery

Modulation - variation of amplitude or


frequency when waves are broadcast

AM amplitude modulation

Carries audio for T.V. Broadcasts


Longer wavelength so can bend around hills

FM frequency modulation

Carries video for T.V. Broadcasts

Invisible Spectrum (Cont.)


Infrared Rays
Def Light rays with
longer wavelength than
red light.
Uses: Cooking, Medicine,
T.V. remote controls

Invisible spectrum (cont.).


Ultraviolet rays.
Def. EM waves with
frequencies slightly higher than
visible light
Uses: food processing &
hospitals to kill germs cells
Helps your body use vitamin D.

Invisible Spectrum (Cont.)


X-Rays
Def. - EM waves that are
shorter than UV rays.
Uses: Medicine Bones
absorb x-rays; soft tissue
does not.

Invisible spectrum (cont.)


Gamma rays
Def. Highest frequency EM
waves; Shortest
wavelength. They come
from outer space.
Uses: cancer treatment.

TYPE
GAMMA

USES
TREATING
CANCER/STERILISATI
ON

X-RAYS

DANGERS
MUTATION OF CELLS
MUTATION OF CELLS

MEDICAL
UV

SKIN CANCER
SUN BEDS

VISIBLE
PHOTOGRAPHY

NONE (IF NOT


OVERLY EXPOSED OR
IF YOU STARE AT THE
SUN

INFRA RED
REMOTE CONTROL
/HEAT TRANSFER

SUN BURNS

MICROWAVES
SATELLITES / PHONES VERY FEW
RADIO / TV RAYS
COMMUNICATIONS

VERY FEW

You might also like