Lesson 7 SPHERES

Week 9
MATH13-1
Solid Mensuration

Definitions Relating to
Sphere

A sphere is a three-dimensional solid

bounded by a surface consisting of all points
equidistant from an interior point called the
center. The closed surface is called
spherical surface, while the space covered
by the surface is called the interior. A
sphere is usually designated by its center.
Hence, sphere O is the sphere whose center
is at point O.

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Definitions Relating to
Sphere

Radius
- Line from the center to a point on the
spherical surface.
Diameter (AB = 2R)
- Line passing through the center and joining
two points on the spherical surface.

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Definitions Relating to
Sphere

Any section of a sphere is a circle.

Great Circle (circle C)
- Formed when a plane passes through the
center.
Small Circle (circle F)
- Formed when a plane does not pass
through the center.

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Definitions Relating to
Sphere

Axis of a circle of a sphere (AB)

- A diameter of the sphere perpendicular to
the plane of the circle of the sphere.
Poles of the circle (points A and B)
- Endpoints of the axis.

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Definitions Relating to
Sphere
Spherical distance
- Measure of the minor arc of a great circle
containing the two points. It is the shortest
distance between two points on the surface of the
sphere.
Polar Distance
- Spherical distance from the nearest pole.
Quadrant
- A polar distance along the arc of a great circle
which is equal to one fourth of the circumference
of a great circle (i.e. Spherical distance from north
pole [or south pole] to the equator).
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Definitions Relating to
Sphere

Tangent line
- Intersects the sphere at exactly one point.
The point of intersection is called the point
of tangency.
Internally tangent spheres
- If they lie on one side of the plane.
Externally tangent spheres
- If they lie on opposite sides of the plane.
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Definitions Relating to
Sphere

angle ( = spherical CPD = APB)

Spherical

- Dihedral angle formed by the planes of two

great circles. It has the same measure as the
plane angle formed by the tangents to the
arcs drawn through their point of
intersection.

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Definitions Relating to
Sphere

Arc length (arc CD = , less than 180)

- Generally stated as the angle subtended by
the arc at the center of the sphere.

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Surface Area and Volume

Sphere

S = 4R2
V = R3

Hemisphere
S = 2R2
V = R3

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Inscribed Solids Involving

Spheres
Sphere inscribed in a polyhedron
The polyhedron is circumscribed
about the sphere.
- The sphere is tangent the all the
faces of the polyhedron.
-

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Inscribed Solids Involving

Spheres
Sphere circumscribed about

polyhedron
- The polyhedron is inscribed in the
sphere.
- All The vertices of a polyhedron lie on
the surface of the sphere.

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Inscribed Solids Involving

Spheres
The radius of the sphere circumscribed
about a regular tetrahedron is equal to
three-fourths of the altitude of the
tetrahedron while the radius of the inscribed
sphere is one-fourth of the altitude.

R = h

R = h

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Inscribed Solids Involving

Spheres
If a sphere is inscribed in a cylinder,
the volume of the sphere is two-thirds
that of the cylinder, and the surface
area of the sphere is equal to the
lateral area of the cylinder, or twothirds of the total area of the cylinder.
Vsphere = Vcylinder
S = LSA
S = TSA
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Inscribed Solids Involving

Spheres
If a cone has its base and height equal
respectively to the base and height of a
cylinder, its volume is one-third that of
the cylinder or one-half that of a sphere
inscribed in the cylinder.
Vcone = Vcylinder = Vsphere

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Inscribed Solids Involving

Spheres
If a sphere is inscribed
in a cube, the volume
of the sphere is about one-half the volume of
the cube, or Vsphere = (Vcube) to be exact.
Vsphere = (Vcube) Vcube

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EXAMPLES
#1, p168: An equilateral triangle with
an area of 93 sq. units is inscribed in
a circular section of the sphere. How
far from the center of the sphere is the
plane of the triangle if the radius of the
sphere is 14 units? ANS: 246 units
#3, p170: The radii of two spheres are
4 ft. and 8 ft. Find the volume of a
sphere whose surface area is equal to
Reference:
Solidof
Mensuration:
Understanding
the 3-D Space
by
the sum
the surface
areas
of these

EXAMPLES
#5, p171: Find the volume of a
hemispherical shell in which the outer
and inner surface areas are 128 in2
and 50 in2, respectively.
ANS: 258 in3

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7.1 EXERCISES
#9, p174: The plane of a small circle in a
sphere of radius 18 inches is 6 inches from
the center of the sphere. Find the area of the
small circle and the polar distance of a point
on the circumference of the small circle.
ANS: 288 in2, 22.2 in or 70.5
#10, p174: A solid metal in the form of a
sphere with radius of 16 in., is cut by a plane
4 in. from a nearer pole. Find the area of the
section.
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7.1 EXERCISES
#13, p174: The radii of two parallel
sections on the same sphere are 9 cm
and 12 cm, and the distance between
them is 21 cm. Find the radius of the
sphere. ANS: 15 cm
#21, p175: The total area of a regular
tetrahedron is 813 ft2. What is the
volume of the sphere circumscribing
about the tetrahedron? ANS: 701.2 ft 3
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7.1 EXERCISES
#26, p175: Find the volume of a
rectangular solid whose dimensions are
in the ratio 4:6:8 if the radius of the
circumscribing sphere is 629 inches.
#28, p175: Find the volume of a sphere
inscribed in a regular tetrahedron
whose edges measure 6 cm.

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SPHERICAL SEGMENT
Portion of a sphere formed by passing
two parallel planes through the sphere.
Parallel circular sections are called
bases of the spherical segment.
If one of the parallel planes is
tangent to the sphere, the segment is
called a spherical segment of one
base (also known as spherical cap).

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SPHERICAL SEGMENT

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VOLUME OF A SPHERICAL SEGMENT

Two
Bases

One Base
V = h(3r2 + h2)
V = h2(3R h)
For a hemisphere, h = R.

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ZONE
Portion of the surface of a sphere
bounded by two parallel planes.
Parallel circular sections are called
bases of the zone.
Distance between the bases is the
altitude of the zone.
May be thought of as the lateral area
of a spherical segment.

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ZONE

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AREA OF A ZONE
Z = 2Rh
This formula applies to all three types
of a zone.
two bases
one base where h < R
one base where h > R

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TSA OF A SPHERICAL
SEGMENT
For
one-base segment:
TSA = Z + B = 2Rh + r2
For two-base segment:
TSA = Z + B1 + B2 = 2Rh + +

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EXAMPLES
#9, p179: A plane cuts a sphere of
radius 5 ft. at a distance of 3 ft. from
the center of the sphere. Find the sum
of the areas of the two zones formed.
ANS: 100 ft2

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LUNE
Portion of the surface of a sphere bounded
by two intersecting arcs of great circles.
Partial revolution of a semicircle about its
diameter as an axis.
The angle of the lune () is the spherical
angel formed by the semicircles bounding
the lune.
= 180 for a hemisphere.
= 360 for the surface of a sphere.

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LUNE
CAD
is the angle of the lune ACBD.

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AREA OF LUNE
L = 2R2

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EXAMPLES
#10, p181: The area of a lune is 32
cm2 and the area of its sphere is 256
cm2. Find the angle of the lune in
degrees.
ANS: = /4 = 45

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SPHERICAL WEDGE
A solid bounded by a lune and the
planes of two great circles.
Slice of the watermelon cut
through its center.
The lune (skin of the watermelon)
may be considered as the base of the
wedge.

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SPHERICAL WEDGE

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VOLUME OF A SPHERICAL
WEDGE
V = LR
Since L = 2R2, the formula becomes
V = (2R2)R.
Thus, the volume of a spherical wedge
is given by
V = R3.
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EXAMPLES
#11, p182: An angle of a lune base of
a spherical wedge is 30 and the
radius of the sphere is 9 m. Find the
volume of the wedge.
ANS: 81 m3

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7.2 EXERCISES
#1, p183: Given a sphere of radius 16
in. Find the area of the zone of the
sphere whose altitude is 10 in. ANS:
320 in2
#2, p183: Find the altitude of the zone
whose area is 240 in2 if the radius of
the corresponding sphere is 12 in.

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7.2 EXERCISES
#4, p183: The volume of a spherical
segment of a sphere of radius 16 in if
the altitude of the segment is 12 in.
#8, p183: A cylindrical post, 12 feet long
and 5 inches in radius, is surmounted by
a part of sphere 6 inches in radius. Find
the surface area of the exposed part of
the sphere and the volume of the whole
post including the part of the sphere.
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7.2 EXERCISES
#9, p183: A cutting plane divides the surface
of a sphere into two zones with areas 24 in 2
and 72 in2. Find the area of the section
formed.
ANS: 18 in2
#11, p183: The radii of parallel circular
sections of a sphere are 4 in and 4.8 in, while
the radius of the sphere is 5 in. Find the
volume of the portion of the sphere included
between these sections. ANS: 314.4 in 3
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7.2 EXERCISES
#18, p184: The radius of a sphere is
30 cm while the volume of its spherical
wedge is 3600 cm3. Find the area of
the lune base and the angle of lune in
degrees.
#19, p184: The area of a lune with an
angle of 12 is 120 cm2. Find the
volume of the spherical wedge. ANS:
1200 cm3 3770 cm3
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7.2 EXERCISES
#20, p184: The area of a spherical
lune is equal to one-third the area of
the corresponding sphere. Find the
volume of the spherical wedge if the
radius of the sphere is 15 cm.

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SPHERICAL SECTOR
A solid generated by revolving a
sector of a great circle about a
diameter of that circle.
If AOB revolves about the diameter
CD, Spherical sector ABOFE will be
formed.
Zone ABFE is considered as base.

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SPHERICAL SECTOR

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EXAMPLES
#12, p185: Find the volume of a
spherical sector cut out of a sphere
whose surface area is 400 in2 if the
altitude of the zone of the base is 3 in.
ANS: 200 in3

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SPHERICAL CONE
A solid generated by revolving a
sector of a great circle about a
diameter of the circle which coincides
with one of the radii of the sector.
The sector AOC generates the
spherical cone CAOB.

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SPHERICAL CONE

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EXAMPLES
#13, p187: A sector of a great circle of
a sphere is rotated about one of its
radii. Find the volume of the solid
generated if the central angle of the
sector is 60 and the area of the sector
is 24 cm2.
ANS: 576 cm3

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7.3 EXERCISES
#1, p200: Find the volume and total
surface area of a spherical cone which
consists of a right circular cone with a
slant height of 15 inches and a spherical
segment with a base radius of 9 inches.
ANS: 450 in3, 225 in2
#2, p200: A circular sector with an angle
of 60 and an area of 36 cm2 rotates
about one of its radii. Find the volume of
the solid generated.
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7.3 EXERCISES
#3, p200: The zone altitude of a spherical
cone is 6 ft, while the radius of the sphere
is 10 ft. Find the surface area and the
volume of the spherical cone. ANS: 665 ft 2,
400 ft3
#6, p201: Find the volume of a spherical
cone if the radius of the circle
corresponding segment is 12 cm and
radius of the corresponding sphere is 15
cm.
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HOMEWORK 7
7.1 EXERCISES: #s 11, 12, 15, 19, &
27 pp. 174-175
7.2 EXERCISES: #s 3, 7, 10, 12, 15, &
16 pp. 183-184
7.3 EXERCISES: #s 4, 5, & 7 pp. 200201
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