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Sets: AN Introducti ON: Math 7

This document provides an introduction to sets and set notation. It defines what a set is, explains elements and well-defined sets with examples. It describes different notations used for sets including roster notation, set-builder notation, and special sets like natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, etc. It also discusses subsets, the empty/null set, cardinality of a set, and provides examples of determining if a set is well-defined or if one set is a subset of another.

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39 views37 pages

Sets: AN Introducti ON: Math 7

This document provides an introduction to sets and set notation. It defines what a set is, explains elements and well-defined sets with examples. It describes different notations used for sets including roster notation, set-builder notation, and special sets like natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, etc. It also discusses subsets, the empty/null set, cardinality of a set, and provides examples of determining if a set is well-defined or if one set is a subset of another.

Uploaded by

هزء الميرا
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 7

SETS:
AN
INTRODUCTI
ON

ACTIVITY

ANALYSIS
1. How many groups are there?
2. Does each object belong to a
group?
3. Is there an object that belong
to a group?
4. Is there an object that belongs
to more than one group?
Which one?

ABSTRACTION

Introduction
A

set is a collection of
objects.
The objects in a set are called
elements of the set.
A well defined set is a set in
which we know for sure if an
element belongs to that set.

Example:

The set of all movies in which


James Reid appears is well
defined. (Name the movies, and
what do they have in common?
There are only 5.)
The set of all multiples of 5 is
well defined.
The set of best TV shows of all
time is not well defined. (It is
a matter of opinion.)

Notation
When

talking about a
set we usually denote
the set with a capital
letter.
Roster notation is the
method of describing a
set by listing each

Notation
Example:

Let C = The set of all


movies in which John Cazale
appears. The Roster notation
would be C={The Godfather, The
Conversation, The Godfather II,
Dog Day Afternoon, The Deer
Hunter }. (All 5 of these movies
were nominated for Best Picture by
the Motion Picture Academy.)
Example: Let set A = The set of odd

More on Notation
Sometimes

we cant list all


the elements of a set. For
instance, Z = The set of
integer numbers. We cant
write out all the integers,
there infinitely many
integers. So we adopt a

More on Notation
The

dots mean continue


on in this pattern forever
and ever.
Z = { -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2,
3, }
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, } =

More on Notation
symbol or { } will
be used to refer to an

empty sets.
If F is a subset of A, then
F
A
If F is a proper subset of
The

Set Builder Notation


When

it is not convenient to
list all the elements of a set,
we use a notation the employs
the rules in which an element
is a member of the set. This is
called set builder notation.

Set Builder Notation


V

= { people | citizens
registered to vote in
Maricopa County}
A = {x | x > 5} = This is the
set A that has all real
numbers greater than 5.

Special Sets of Numbers


N

= The set of natural numbers.


= {1, 2, 3, }.
W = The set of whole numbers.
={0, 1, 2, 3, }
Z = The set of integers.
= { , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, }

Special Sets of Numbers


Q

= The set of rational numbers.


={x| x=p/q, where p and q
are elements of Z and
q0}
H = The set of irrational
numbers.
R = The set of real numbers.
C = The set of complex numbers.

Universal Set and Subsets


The

Universal Set denoted by


U is the set of all possible
elements used in a problem.
When every element of one set
is also an element of another
set, we say the first set is a
subset.

Example

A={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
and B={2, 3}
We say that B is a subset of
use is B
A. The notation we
A.
Let S={1,2,3}, list all the
subsets of S.

The subsets of S are


,

The Null / Empty Set


The

empty set is a special set.


It contains no elements. It is
usually denoted as { } or
.
The empty set is always
considered a subset of any set.

Do

not be confused by
this question:
Is this set {0} empty?
It is not empty! It
contains the element zero.

Cardinality Set
The number of
elements contained in A
The cardinality of a set
A is written as n(A)

APPLICATION

Well-defined or NOT?
The

set of all large


numbers.
NOT WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?

The set of all


multiples of 10.

NOT WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?

The set of good


citizens.

NOT WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?

The set of honest


students in your class.

NOT WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?

The set of beautiful


places in Philippines.

NOT WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?

The set of odd


counting numbers.

WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?

The set of all


factors of 24.

WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?

The set of
successful people.

NOT WELL DEFINED

Well-defined or NOT?
The set of disciplined
basketball players in high
school.

NOT WELL DEFINED

Determine whether it is a
subset of the given
notation.

A = { b, r, a,
v, e}

{b}
YES

{ v, r }
YES

{ C, V,
E}

{ a, e }
YES

{ z, i }
NO

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