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GROUP 1. Computer Hardware

The document discusses the history of computers over three generations from 1937 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and could only perform single tasks. The second generation from 1947-1962 used transistors and saw the development of programming languages and storage media. The third generation from 1963 onward used integrated circuits, making computers smaller, more powerful, and able to run multiple programs simultaneously. The document also lists and describes the main internal and external hardware components that make up a computer system.

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Ian De los Santos
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87 views

GROUP 1. Computer Hardware

The document discusses the history of computers over three generations from 1937 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes and could only perform single tasks. The second generation from 1947-1962 used transistors and saw the development of programming languages and storage media. The third generation from 1963 onward used integrated circuits, making computers smaller, more powerful, and able to run multiple programs simultaneously. The document also lists and describes the main internal and external hardware components that make up a computer system.

Uploaded by

Ian De los Santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compute

History of
computer

Three Generations of
Computer
First generation: 1937 1946
- In 1937 the first
electronic digital computer was built by Dr.
John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was
called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC). In
1943 an electronic computer name the Colossus
was built for the military. Other developments
continued until in 1946 the first general
purpose digital computer, the Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
was built. It is said that this computer weighed
30 tons, and had 18,000 vacuum tubes which
was used for processing. When this computer
was turned on for the first time lights dim in
sections of Philadelphia. Computers of this
generation could only perform single task, and
they had no operating system.

Second generation: 1947 1962 - This generation of


computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes
which were more reliable. In 1951 the first computer
for commercial use was introduced to the public; the
Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC 1). In
1953 the International Business Machine (IBM) 650
and 700 series computers made their mark in the
computer world. During this generation of computers
over 100 computer programming languages were
developed, computers had memory and operating
systems. Storage media such as tape and disk were in
use also were printers for output

Third generation: 1963 - present - The invention of


integrated circuit brought us the third generation of
computers. With this invention computers became
smaller, more powerful more reliable and they are able
to run many different programs at the same time. In1980
Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-Dos) was born
and in 1981 IBM introduced the personal computer (PC)
for home and office use. Three years later Apple gave us
the Macintosh computer with its icon driven interface
and the 90s gave us Windows operating system.

Parts of
Computer

Computer Case/System Unit


Thecomputer caseis the metal and
plastic box thatcontains the main
componentsof the computer, including
the motherboard, central processing unit
(CPU), and power supply. The front of the
case usually has anOn/Off
buttonandone or moreoptical drives.
Computer cases come in different shapes
and sizes. Adesktop caselies flat on a
desk, and the monitor usually sits on top
of it. Atower caseis tall and sits next to
the monitor or on the floor.All-inonecomputers come with the internal
components built into the monitor, which
eliminates the need for a separate case.

Monitor
Themonitorworks with avideo card,
located inside the computer case, to
display images and text on the screen.
Most monitors havecontrol
buttonsthat allow you to change your
monitor's display settings, and some
monitors also have built-in speakers.
Newer monitors usually haveLCD(liquid
crystal display) orLED(light-emitting
diode) displays. These can be made very
thin, and they are often calledflatpanel displays. Older monitors
useCRT(cathode ray tube) displays.
CRT monitors are much larger and
heavier, and they take up more desk
space.

Keyboard
Thekeyboardis
one of the main
ways to
communicate with
a computer. There
are many different
types of keyboards,
but most arevery
similarand allow
you to accomplish

Mouse
Themouseis another important
tool for communicating with
computers. Commonly known as
apointing device, it lets
youpointto objects on the
screen,clickon them,
andmovethem.
There are two main mouse types:
optical and mechanical.
Theopticalmouse uses an
electronic eye to detect
movement and is easier to clean.
Themechanical mouseuses a
rolling ball to detect movement
and requires regular cleaning to
work properly.

Computer Hardware
Computer hardware(or simplyhardwarein computing
contexts) is the collection of physical elements that constitutes a
computer system. Computer hardware is the physical parts or
components of a computer, such as themonitor,keyboard,
computer data storage,hard disk drive(HDD), graphic cards,
sound cards, memory (RAM), motherboard, and so on, all of
which are tangible physical objects.[1]By contrast,softwareis
instructions that can be stored and run by hardware.
]

List of Hardware
1. Case-The computer case is a plastic or metal enclosure
that houses most of the components.
2. Power Supply-A power supply unit (PSU) converts
alternating current (AC) electric power to low-voltage
DC power for the internal components of the computer.
3. The motherboard- is the main component of a
computer. It is a large rectangular board with
integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the
computer including theCPU, theRAM, the disk drives (
CD,DVD,hard disk, or any others) as well as any
peripherals connected via the ports or the
expansion slots.

4.Expansion Card-Anexpansion cardin


computing is a printed circuit board
that can be inserted into an expansion
slot of a computer motherboard or
backplane to add functionality to a
computer system via the expansion
bus.
5.Storage Devices-Computer data
storage, often called storage or
memory, refers to computer
components and recording media that
retain digital data. Data storage is a
core function and fundamental

6.Fixed Media-Data is stored by a computer


using a variety of media.Hard disk drives
are found in virtually all older computers,
due to their high capacity and low cost,
butsolid-state drivesare faster and more
power efficient, although currently more
expensive than hard drives, so are often
found in more expensive computers.
7.Removable Media-To transfer data between
computers, aUSB flash driveoroptical disc
may be used. Their usefulness depends on
being readable by other systems; the
majority of machines have an optical disk
drive, and virtually all have aUSBport.

8.Input Devices-Input devicesallow


the user to enter information into the
system, or control its operation. Most
personal computers have amouse
andkeyboard, but laptop systems
typically use atouchpadinstead of a
mouse.
9.Output Devices-Output devices
display information in a human
readable form. Such devices could
includeprinters,speakers,monitors
or aBraille embosser.

Answer the ff.:


1. In the first generation , who
invented the first computer?
2. In what year does the second
generation beginned?
3. What part of the computer is the
main source?
4. What part of computer is commonly
known as pointing device?

5. Give atleast 5 computer hardwares.


6. Give the meaning of computer
hardware that you answered in
question no. 5.
7. Give the name of the hardware
which CPU belongs.
8. Why is the computer important?
9. Why do we want to know the parts
of computer?
10. What is the different between
hardware and software?

MEMBERS
DENNIS JUAREZ
JULEVEN QUILLY
RONAH ALGUZAR
EMILY SUMALPONG
ANGEL EVE SUYOM
GLENN JUAREZ
Sonmark PedARIOS

THANK YOU
FOR YOUR KIND
CONSIDERATIO
N XD

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