Chapter 8:

Home
Coming
After Five

Group 1 1J-PH
Adloc
Manganti
Constantino Paguio

People who warned

Rizal about his home
coming:

Paciano Mercado

his
mentor and his only brother
Silvestre Ubaldo his
brother-in-law; husband of
Olympia

Jose M. Cecilio
(Chenggoy) his closest

Reasons why he
came
back:
to operate
his mothers eye
to serve his fellow countrymen
especially the agrarian problems
in Hacienda de Calamba
to find out the effect of Noli Me
Tangere to the Spaniards and
Filipino.
to know why Leonora Rivera had
stopped writing to him

July 3, 1887he left Rome by train

for Marseilles for the
first leg of his trip
back to Philippines.

Djemnah- the
same vessel which
took him to French
Port City in 1882.
Wherein he left the
Philippines to study
in Spain.

Djemnah

Djemnah docked in Saigon,

Vietnam and then Rizal boarded
the streamer Haiphong. The
streamer was on route to Orient
via Suez Canal
August 6, 1887- he arrived
Manila.
August 7, 1887- he arrived in
Calamba,
Laguna

He established a clinic in
Calamba and his first patient
was his mother. He was able
to remove a double
cataract from Doa
Teodoras eyes.
He was called Doctor
Uliman- the German Doctor.

Rizal earned $900 from his

service as a physician.
His fees were described as
reasonable and he even
give free services to the
poor

Sad facets of Rizals

return:
His sister Olympia
(1855-1887) died of
complications of
childbirth
He wasnt able to see
Leonor Rivera

His family begged him not

to see her in her hometown
Camiling, Tarlac because of
increasing concerns about
his safety.
Leonor Riveras mother
objected to the relationship
between her daughter and
Rizal.

Rizal also opened gymnasium in

Calamba.
Rizal took Calambas civic affairs
and on his spare time made
paintings of the towns landscapes
and translated to Tagalog the
poems of German poet Von
Wildernath.

The furor
over the
Noli Me
Tangere

Noli me tangere had arrived

in the Philippines weeks
before Rizal's return to the
country.

Governor General Emilio

Terrero

Lieutenant Jos Taviel de

Andrade
Archbishop of Manila Pedro
Payo, O. P. sent a copy of the
novel to the Rector of the
University of Santo Tomas, Fr.
Gregorio Echavarria, who
formed a committee of faculty
members to review it.

"heretical, impous, and

scandalous in the religious
order, anti-patriotic, subversive
of public order, injurious to the
government of Spain and of the
Philippine islands in the
political order."

Fr. Salvador Font, head of

Permanent Commission on
Censorship
importation,reproduction and
distribution of the Noli Me
Tangere should be absolutely
prohibited.

Attackers
of Noli

Father Font printed his

report
and
distributed
copies of it in order to
discredit the controversial
novel.

Fr. Jose Rodriguez

Caingat Cayo (1888)
he warned that the
readers of the Noli
were committing
mortal sin as the book
was full of heresies and
he called Rizal as an
ignorant man.

Vicente Barrantes attacked in

the Spanish newspaper La
Espaa Moderna in 1890.
Spanish senators Sr. Fernando
Vida and General Luis M. de
and General Jose de
Salamanca

Defenders
of Noli

Marcelo H. del Pilar, Dr. Antonio

Ma. Regidor, Graciano Lopez
Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and other
Filipino reformists in foreign land,
of course, rushed to uphold the
truths of the Noli.

Fr. Francisco de Paula

Sanchez defended the
Noli in public.
Fr. Vicente Garcia
Justo Desiderio
Magalang

A.) Rizal cannot be an ignorant man as

described by Fr. Rodriguez as he was a
graduate of a Spanish university and a
recipient of awards.
B.) The novel was not an attack on the
church but on immoral and corrupt
practices of the Friars and officials.
C.) If the readers are committing mortal
sin for reading the novel so was Fr.
Rodriguez for he had read the same.

In Spain, the novel was also

defended by Segismundo Moret,
the former Minister of the Colonies
during liberal episode in Spain in
1868.

All copies of it were sold out and the

price
per
copy
soared
to
unprecedented level.
According to Rizal, in a letter to
Fernando Canon from Geneva, June
13,1887, the price he set per copy was
five pesetas (equivalent of one peso),
but the price later rose to fifty pesos
per copy.

Meanwhile Rizal lived in

Calamba accompanied by Lt.
de Andrade. Officially, Lt. de
Andrade's duties was to
guard Rizal but he was
actually the ears and eyes
of the governor-general.

Rizal was refined, educated,

gentlemanly. The hobbies that
interested him most were hunting,
fencing, shooting, painting and hiking... I
well remember our excursion to Mt.
Makiling, not so much for the beautiful
view... as for the rumors and pernicious
effects that result from it. There was one
who belived and reported to Manila that
Rizal and I, at the top of mountain,
hoisted the German flag snd proclaimed
its sovereignty over the Philippines. I
imagined that such nonsense emnated
from the friars of Calamba, but did not

Rizal was handed a note calling him an

ingrate because he and his family
benefitted so much from the privileges
given by the friars and that he benefitted
so much from his Spanish education. The
note was signed "Un Fraile" ( A friar)

Rizal carried a special

silver
spoon
which
changes color whenever it
comes in contact with food
laced with poison.

The
Protesta de
Calamba

Governor General Emilio Terrero ordered

an investigation of the friar landholdings

Public Treasury Departmentchecked on how much the

administrators of the estate were
paying the government because
the
colonial
government
suspected that Calamba estate
might evading the full payment.

Rizal helped draft an infromative

report on the agrarian situation in
Calamba.
He said:
*tenants were losing money to the
undue advantage of the Dominican
administrators
*Dominican landholdings comprised
not only the lands around Calamba
but the whole town including the
houses of the people
*Dominicans increased their income
by arbitrarily increasing the rent of the
tenants (hacienda raised rent every

*High rates of interests were charged

for delayed payment of rentals and if
the rentals could not be payed the
management
pf
the
hacienda
confiscated the carabaos, tools and
homes of the tenants

Dominicans reply to Rizals

charges
Dominican order controlled the
Hacienda of Calamba and also in
the neighboring towns of Bian,
San Pedro and Santa Rosa, all of
these lands were properly titled in
the name of the Order.
Landholdings
in
Calamba
actually extended to as far as the
neighboring town of Los Baos.

Many lands were given rent

free for settlers and Rizal family
was one of those beneficiaries of
this policy.
1885- Paciano was allowed to clear the land
in Barrio Pansol and cultivate it.
Dominican administrator will not receive
any cent from Paciano for five years
The sisters of Rizal were allowed to hold
land leases under very favorable terms in
anticipation of Don Francisco Mercados
death.

The income from landholdings as

rent are used to maintain churches
and institutions like the University
of Santo Tomas and The College of
Letran.

Rizal wrote El Filibusterismo as an

offshoot of the Protesta de Calamba,
the increases were depicted as
excessive and the rent went up every
year.
According to the Dominincans they
were trying to recover their
investments that why they are raising
the rentals.
Tenants are losing money not because
of poor harvest but because of
gambling one of which took place in the

February 1888- Rizal had

left
Calamba,
tenants
refused to pay their rentals

Felipe Buencamino- lawyer of the tenants

reportedly told the tenants not to pay rent to
the Domincan landowners unless they showed
a proof of ownership of their property.

1889- the Dominicans filed a case

in court after persuading the
tenants to pay for one year
Amicable settlement was resorted
to but failed

Tenants won their case at the

Justice of the Peace of Calamba
where Paciano practically
dictated its decision. However,
the tenants lost when the case
was appealed at the provincial
court in Santa Cruz, then at the
higher tribunal of Manila and
ultimately at the Supreme Court
in Madrid.

When the defiant tenants refused to

obey the decision of the tribunal of
Santa Cruz, agents of the court
supported by a detachment of soldiers
Governor General Valeriano Weyler
who by that time replaced Governor
Terrero sent more soldiers and ordered
the deportation to Mindoro 25
individuals including Paciano, Rizal's
brother-in-law Silvestre Ubaldo and
Antonio Lopez. Another brother-in-law
Manuel Hidalgo(Maneng), was
banished to Bohol.

Departure
for Europe

 While still in Calamba, Rizal

was seen as a
troublemaker and a
rabble-rouser.
His family receives
threats on his life.

 Rizal took the necessary

precautions. Rizal refused to attend
several banquets invitations.
The friars exerted pressure on
Governor General Terrero to
have him arrested or deported.
The Governor refused to act
seeing that there was no valid
cause to arrest him.

 Terrero summoned Rizal to

Malacanan and advised him to
leave the Philippines for his
own good.
Before leaving Calamba, he
composed a poem entitled
Himno al Trabajo (Hymn to
labor) to commemorate the
elevation of Lipa, Batangas
into the status of a villa under
the Bacerra Law of 1888.

 Upon leaving the Philippines, Rizal said

that he would like to follow-up the
progress of the agrarian protest of
Calamba in Spain.
By the time he arrived in Spain, his
family and several townmates involved in
the affair were already evicted.
The house of his family was taken over
by another tenant named Juan Cailles
and its contents thrown out in the street.

 The Protesta left Rizal as a marked

man.
On February 3, 1888, Rizal boarded
the vessel Don Juan on his first leg to
his trip to Europe.
At that time, Rizal was 27 years old.
Aboard vessel, he met young seaman
Perfecto Rufino Riego whom he
persuaded to smuggle more copies of
the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines.

 The past six months, he had

been in his motherland was a
tumultuous one. It was a
controversial stay which ended
in the removal of his family and
other tenants from Calamba.
Rizals sudden departure left
the town in a state of utter
unrest and confusion.

 It reflected Rizals increasing

radicalism and his bitter view
of the state of the country.
Later on April 18, 1889, Rizal
wrote to Mariano Ponce that
he has ceased being pacifist
and
is
now
a
radical
partisan.