Installing the Network

Chapter 11

Release 16/7/2009

Chapter Objectives

Explain the need of structured cabling

Identify cables and different types of connectors
Work with different types of cables
Identify closets, conduits and cable tray
Install racks and manage cables
Work with modular outlets

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Recall - I

Repeater is a device that is used to regenerate signals

Bridges are used to connect multiple LAN segments
Types of bridges are:

Transparent bridge
Translational bridge
Source-route bridge

The static and dynamic are two types of router

Types of hubs are:

Passive hub
Active hub
Intelligent hub

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Recall - II

Switch is the device with filtering and forwarding feature

The different methods used by switches to send data
are:

Cut-through method
Store and forward method
Fragment-free method

Gateway provides interconnection between different

networks and translation service

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Structured Cabling

Comprises of cables and associated hardware parts

Provides an organized way of low voltage wiring
Transmits data that is built in structured form
Need of structured cabling:

Consistency Standard cabling systems for Data, voice

and video
Cost Reduction Reduces the cost by reducing the
number of cables
Troubleshooting Isolates and fixes the problem
Mobility Network resources are portable
Supports upgrading Supports future applications

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Design Considerations of
Structured Cabling

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Structured Cabling - II

Design Considerations of structured cabling

Entrance Facilities Connects the building with the

outside world
Equipment Room Serves the users within the room
Telecommunications Room Accommodates the
cabling system equipment
Backbone Cabling Interconnects
telecommunications room, equipments room and
entrance facilities

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Structured Cabling - III

Design Considerations of structured cabling

Horizontal Cabling Extends from the work area

telecommunications outlet to telecommunications
closet
Work Area Components extend from the
telecommunications outlet to the stations equipment
Cable Administration Involves logical numbering
scheme that can be applied to all the cables, outlets,
patch cables and even control systems

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Pulling Cables - I

While dealing with structured cabling you have to

pull out the cables from some conduits and punch
down the free end of the cable
Conduits are PVC or flexible plastic pipes used to
organize the cables
Pull twine through the conduits

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Pulling cables - II
Elements
required for
pulling cables

Fish Tape

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Twine

Conduits

Scale and
Tape

Patch Panel

Pulling Cable Tools

Fish Tape

Twine
Scale &
Tape

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Conduit

Patch Panel

Cables

Two or more wires bound together, in protective

jacket or sheath
Different types of cables:

Twisted pair cable

Coaxial cable
Optical fiber cable
Shielded and Unshielded cable

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Cable Connectors I

Part of cable which plugs into port or interface to

connect one device to another
Connectors: Male and Female

DB-15 connectors - Commonly used on electronic and

computer equipment
RJ45 Connectors Used in networking to connect
computer to network card
BNC Coaxial Connectors Used with coaxial cables
or used with Ethernet system

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Cable Connectors II

210 Patch Plug Uses internal pair isolation, pair-topair compensation and layered contacts
Token-Ring Data Connector Used on end of a
shielded twisted pair cable

Distinguishing Wires

Color coding makes identification each wire or pair of

wires in the cable easier
Tip and ring Identifies plus wire and minus wire

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Show distinguishing wire

from CBT

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Cabling Tools and show it

from CBT

Used in networking to work with wires or devices or

to connect wires and devices to each other
Different tools used are:

Punchdown Tools
RJ45 Crimping Tool
Coaxial Cable Crimping Tool
Pin Crimping Tool
Cable stripper

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Working with Cables I and

show from CBT

Installation works in three stages:

Running cable from central point to the room

Wall jacks are mounted and cables ended into jacks
Wire cables from the central end to switchboard

Color Coding

Helps to classify different types of wires

Patch cable and cross over cable can be differentiated
on the basis of colour coding

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Working with Cables III

Straight through Cable

Same pin out connections at both

ends
Used to connect dissimilar devices

Crossover Cable

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Modify pin out connections

at one end
Used to connect similar types
of devices

Show crimping cables from

CBT

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Show modular outlet from

CBT

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Working with Cables IV

Weak Link

Information Outlet

Mostly, weakest link is the station cable, which runs

from wall to desktop
Protect horizontal wiring from physical handling that
cables receive
Keep installation neat and eliminate unsightly snake
pit of unused cables coiled on floor

Station Cable
Runs between information outlet
and network node e.g. PC

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Grounding

Two wires that come from the transformer are called

the hot wires usually RED in color and neutral wire
in BLACK
A large building requires more than one earth
ground and the earth ground between two buildings
is different in different situations
Fiber optic cable is the best option to link buildings
Power grounding problems are two types: open or
high resistance ground or an abnormal pulse or
condition between power conductors

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Closet

Main point in an organization where major networking cabling come

together
Equipment in a wiring closet includes:
Patch panels for vertical wiring
Patch panels for horizontal wiring
Wiring hubs
Uninterruptible Power Supplies
Types of wiring closets:
Intermediate Distribution Frames (IDF) at least one IDF per floor
for a multi storey building
Main Distribution Frame (MDF) where the inside cable plant
meets the outside worlds connectivity. All IDFs throughout building
are connected to MDF in a star topology

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Closet Details

Typical equipment in a wiring closet are:

Backbone wiring cross-connect device
Horizontal wiring cross-connect device
Patch cables
Wiring hubs
Backup power for wiring hubs
Router and modems
Access server
Fire Sprinkler System
The layout for the equipments in a wiring closet are put
on the wall or in an equipment rack

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Cross-Connect Devices - I

Make easy to configure horizontal and backbone

wiring
Terminates cable or group of cables
Adaptability is easy when the organization grows
year after year
In data networks Small cross-connect device will
terminate backbone cable and make it available for
connection to wiring hub
In wiring hub Larger cross-connect device will
terminate horizontal wiring before it enters hub

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Cross-Connect Devices - II

66M Punch Down

Block
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Patch Panel

Cabinets and Racks I show

this from CBT

Patch panels and wiring hubs can mount on wall in

brackets, stand in racks or reside in full cabinets
that are racks with doors
If small installation Mount patch panels and
wiring hubs on wall

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Neat Cables show from CBT

Used to avoid damage to cable pairs and used to tie

the cables
Ties come in many sizes and materials

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Uninterruptible Power Supplies

(UPS)

Equip network file servers

with backup power
Allow wiring hubs to go
without power during power
failure
VA system is more accurate
than wattage rating
As a quick rule of thumb
choose your UPS with VA
rating at least two times the
wattage rating consumption

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Conduits

Plastic pipes that run through wall plate between wiring

closets
If space left:

Used to pull a new cable

Used as replacement for a bad one
For added capacity
New conduit should have a piece of string used to pull the cable
in future

Fish tape

An equipment which is part of any installers toolbox

Consists of a reel of wire stiff enough to push its way through the
conduit
When pulling through conduit ensure the power is turned off for
those wires

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Cable Trays show this from

CBT

Provide large cable system

Wire rack designed to carry the weight of the cables
Common in modern wiring closets and in building
infrastructure spaces such as basements, airshafts,
and ceiling
Point to note when cables run inside ceilings and
walls

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Configuring Backbone Cable

Backbone wiring is also known as vertical wiring

TIA/EIA standard suggests that the backbone system should be
a star configuration
Wiring closet that contain patch and cross-connect panels which
connect to horizontal wiring
Backbone wiring link each wiring closet to cross-connect point or
(MDF)
Locating the closet
Different parameters to keep in mind when going for closet
Backbone Cable
Modern installations use UTP or fiber-optic cable for the
backbone

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Installation of Racks and show

form CBT

Explains how to place networking equipments and

accumulate different small equipment on the plate of
the rack
Factors to be considered while installing the rack:
Location to install the rack
Installation holes marking
Installation of the rack nuts
Mount the different rails onto the rack
Mount the different devices onto the rack
One U equals 1.75 inches

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Managing Cables

Cables:

Should not run over desk

Should not be entangled

To manage cables:
Free space on the desk where the cables will run

Holes at top of desk

Mount to protect cables

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Wire Manager

Used to mange wires that are common to one place

Tools used to manage wires:

Cable ties
Conduits
Twines
Cable manager
Labels
Spiral wraps
Unitags

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Labeling Cables

Used to identify path of the cables

Distinct color and pattern of code of cable label
helps identify cables
Labels can be written with a pen or a pencil
Cables labeled using Label templates
Administrator has to label the outlet at the work area
and fix the patch panel with the same number when
making network connection
Labels on Outlet

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Case Study 1
The network administrator of the Mumbai branch of
MoneyMaker bank is facing difficulties in
maintaining the network. In case the network goes
down due to some hardware failure, identifying the
source of the problem and troubleshooting it is very
time consuming. The layout of the network has not
been changed since the time it was set up.

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Problem

The maintenance and troubleshooting of the network

is problematic and time consuming

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Solution

Deploy a dedicated closet

Use full equipment cabinet
Use rack and configure the hardware
Use appropriate cable and crimp the cable
Define maximum backbone cable length and
horizontal cable length
Use different wire manager
Use modular outlet and I/O plate
Use third party hardware monitoring or the
troubleshooting devices

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Summary - I

Structured cabling system is a set of cabling which

interconnects different equipments in an
organization in a structured manner
Cable connectors are used to connect the cables
Cabling tolls are helpful to make connection
between the cable and the connector
Colour Code helps to identify the types of wires
Cat5 cables are punched into Information outlet (IO)
as per the colour coding
Jack Panel is used to connect horizontal cabling to
network

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Summary - II

Straight through cables have the pin out

connections similar at both the ends
Cross over cable change the pin out connections at
one end
Installing the rack explains how to place networking
equipments and accumulate different small
equipment on the tray of the rack
Wire manager can organize the disorganized cables
and makes it easy to access
Labeling the cables help you to identify the path of
the cables and makes the troubleshooting easy

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