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Gantt Chart

The document discusses Gantt charts and their use in project management. It describes how Gantt charts are constructed by scheduling critical and non-critical tasks, indicating dependencies, and allocating resources. The document also discusses how project schedules can be re-scheduled or optimized through techniques like resource smoothing and crashing critical activities. Finally, it mentions how project management software tools can help with planning, scheduling, and generating reports but that the project manager still needs to make decisions.

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Абдельнасир Абдельрахман
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
713 views

Gantt Chart

The document discusses Gantt charts and their use in project management. It describes how Gantt charts are constructed by scheduling critical and non-critical tasks, indicating dependencies, and allocating resources. The document also discusses how project schedules can be re-scheduled or optimized through techniques like resource smoothing and crashing critical activities. Finally, it mentions how project management software tools can help with planning, scheduling, and generating reports but that the project manager still needs to make decisions.

Uploaded by

Абдельнасир Абдельрахман
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LECTURE 5 GANTT CHART

GANTT Charts

Constructing GANTT Charts


Staffing and Re-scheduling

Project Management Software

Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

GANTT CHART
A GANTT chart is a type of bar chart that
illustrates a project schedule.
After the PERT/CPM analysis is completed, the
following phase is to construct the GANTT chart
and then to re-allocate resources and reschedule if necessary.
GANTT charts have become a common
technique for representing the phases and
activities of a project work breakdown structure.
It was introduced by Henry Gantt around 1910
1915.

Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

GANTT CHART

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

GANTT CHART

Characteristics:
The bar in each row identifies the corresponding task
The horizontal position of the bar identifies start and end times of
the task
Bar length represents the duration of the task
Task durations can be compared easily
Good for allocating resources and re-scheduling
Precedence relationships can be represented using arrows
Critical activities are usually highlighted
Slack times are represented using bars with doted lines
The bar of each activity begins at the activity earliest start time
(ES)
The bar of each activity ends at the activity latest finish time
(LF).
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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

GANTT CHART

Advantages
Simple
Good

visual communication to others


Task durations can be compared easily
Good for scheduling resources

Disadvantages
Dependencies

are more difficult to visualise


Minor changes in data can cause major changes in
the chart
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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

CONSTRUCTING GANTT CHART

The steps to construct a GANTT chart from the


information obtained by PERT/CPM are:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Schedule the critical tasks in the correct position.


Place the time windows in which the non-critical tasks can
be scheduled.
Schedule the non-critical tasks according to their earliest
starting times.
Indicate precedence relationships between tasks.

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

CONSTRUCTING GANTT CHART

Example of an early GANTT chart construction:

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

CONSTRUCTING GANTT CHART


Step 1. Schedule critical tasks:

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

CONSTRUCTING GANTT CHART


Step 2. Place time windows for non-critical tasks:

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

CONSTRUCTING GANTT CHART


Step 3. Schedule non-critical tasks
Step 4. Indicate precedence relationships:

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING

Once the project schedule, (e.g. GANTT chart), has


been constructed, take into account
available staff hours
slack times and
the project schedule

Assign staff and other resources to each activity in the


project
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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


Resource Smoothing is a technique used to reallocate resources and re-schedule activities.
In resource smoothing, non-critical tasks are rescheduled within their time window.
Staff Utilization:(duration of activity x staff required for

each activity, all added together) / (maximum staff


required x duration of project)

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


Example1

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


The original schedule (constructed above) for this project is as
shown below.

1. Staff utilisation = (3x2+4x4+5x1+7x3+2x1+4x2+3x5)/


(14x6) = 0.857 = 85.5%
Software Project Management

14

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


2. Work out the Staff Profile

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING

Now, assume that there are 6 people available for working in


this project but one of them returns from holidays at time=2.

So re-scheduling is needed because activities A and B cannot be


carried out in parallel until time=2.

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING

Suppose another scenario in which equipment and materials needed to


carry out activities E and F are available at time=5 and time=9 respectively
instead of being available at the activities ES time. Then, rescheduling is
needed but the overall duration of the project is not affected.

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


The obvious way to reduce the overall project
duration, it is by reducing the duration of the
critical activities.
Crashing Critical Activities refers to reducing
the duration of a critical activity by allocating
more resources to it.
The risk is that crashing activities may actually
reduce productivity and increase costs.

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING

Example 2
Apply the PERT/CPM method and construct a GANTT chart for
the following list of activities with precedence and duration.

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


Step 1. Schedule critical tasks.

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


Step 2. Place time windows for non-critical tasks:

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

STAFFING & RE-SCHEDULING


Step 3. Schedule non-critical tasks:
Step 4. Indicate precedence relationships:

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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

There are a number of project management software


tools available to help in the planning and control of
large software development projects.
E.g. MS Project is a CASE software tool for Project
Management
This software is available in the main computer room
in CSIT

Most tools include functions to plan, schedule and


control, but decision-making still has to be done by
the project manager.
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Software Project Management

Maria Petridou

PROJECT MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

Benefits of project management software:

Calculate project schedule


Resource smoothing
Automatic generation of reports and charts

Limitations of project management software


Allocation of resources to tasks
Estimation of tasks durations
Make decisions

Reading: (Kendall&Kendall, chapter 3), (Dennis &Wixom,


chapter 3).
Software Project Management

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Maria Petridou

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