LUMBINI ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND SCIENCE COLLEGE

Bhalwari, Rupandehi
B.E. Final Year Project

DETAIL SURVEY, ESTIMATE, DESIGN AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SUTIKHOLA

MICROHYDROPOWER

Presented By:
Group C
Sys. ID: 2013021012

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Design of MHP, Group - C

SUPERVISOR:
Er. Jeevan Gaire
LEMSC

Members of the group

Arjun bhurtel
Arjun thapa
Aasish thapa
Aakash parajuli
Bibek panthi
Bishow gurung
Dipendra gharti magar
Ganesh bahadur shahi
Hari bista
Ishwori basnet
Rajeshwor khadka
Shiva raut
Srijan khanal
Surya prasad kandel
Yagya thapa

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Design of MHP, Group - C

Overview
Introduction
Objective of the work
Methodology adopted
Result and Discussion
Conclusion and References

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Introduction - I
Energy is one of the foundations of modern civilization and economics.
The major energy resource of the Himalayan Region are Biomass and
hydropower.

Fig.1. Types of Hydropower

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Design of MHP, Group - C

Introduction - II

Fig.1. Energy Consumption by Fuel type in

Nepal for 2002

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Fig.1. Energy Consumption by sector in

Nepal for 2002

Design of MHP, Group - C

Introduction - III
Scope
To find out various alternatives sites for development of given river
catchments.
To analyze existing hydrological and meteorological data using MIP
method.
To choose available site and prepare scheme layout.
To prepare layouts and design drawings of the project.
To prepare cost estimate of the project.

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Introduction - IV
Objective of the Project
Includes the involvement of final semester students in various desk study and
field study of a civil engineering project (micro hydro power scheme in our case)
and preparation of the final report under the current design practice.
To use the water resource in useful works, especially in rural areas.
To be familiarized with present power market of Nepal.
To give the knowledge about the impacts of hydropower on environment.
To be enable to choose the appropriate site for the hydropower project.
To acquaint about different components of a hydropower project, their location,
analysis and design.
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Design of MHP, Group - C

Introduction - IV
Sailent Features
PROJECT LOCATION:
Name of the project
: Suthi Khola Micro Hydro Project
Location
: Koldada VDC - 8, Charchare
District
: Palpa District
Zone
: Lumbini Zone
Name of Source
: Suthi Khola
No: of Households
: 220
Altitude of Powerhouse
: 629.07 m
Distance From Nearest Roadhead
: 500m from Charchare
All Weather Road
: Charchare (Siddhartha Highway)
Route to Reach The Site
:Butwal - Kerabari - Charchare
TECHNICAL FEATURES:
Gross Head
:63 m
Net Head
: 57.8213 m
Measured Flow
: 59lps
Design Flow
:52lps
Overall Efficiency
: 75%
Design Power
: 24 KW
Headrace
: 44m long headrace approach canal
Penstock Pipe
: 170 mm dia MS pipe, 3mm thick for entire 146 m
Type of Intake
: Side Intake
Type of Diversion
: Temporary Bush Boulders
Type of Headrace
: Lined Canal
Lenght of Headrace
: 15 Meters
Type of Turbine
:Pelton Turbine

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Design of MHP, Group - C

Methodology- I
Survey

Fig: contour
map
Design of MHP, Group - C

Layout of microhydro power

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Methodology- II
INTAKE
Capability and Demand Survey

Number of household = 158

Subsidy per household = 120watt
Total demand = 158*120 = 18.96kW 19kW = 19000watt
Gross Head available (H) =54m
Net Head available (H) =51.3m
Capacity (P) = QH =19000W
or, 16500 = 0.5*9.81*Q*54
Q = 71.73lps
Provide 10% extra for seepage loss.
Q = 1.10*129.38 = 78.9lps
Since the canal is also used for the irrigation purpose.
Provide design discharge of 100 lps.

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Methodology- III
INTAKE

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Methodology- IV
Orifice

Discharge required (Qdesign) =100 lps

Qflood = 0.066*0.6*[2*9.81*(1.588-0.35)] = 0.195m3/s

Q = AC[2g (hr-hh)]

Q = 0.066*0.6*[2*9.81*(0.788-0.35)] = 0.116m3/s

Assume C for roughly finished masonry orifice = 0.6

Q > Qrequired i.e. 0.116m3/s > 0.1 m3/s (OK)

Discharge required (Qdesign) =100 lps

Note: This excess flood flow is discharged via a spillway at the gravel trap.
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Methodology- V
Orifice

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Methodology- VI
Trash Rack
Permissible velocity through the trash rack = 0.6m/s.
Provide rectangular bars.
So, kr= 2.4
Provide spacing of bars, b = 75mm (50 to 200mm)
Provide maximum steel thickness, t = 5mm.
For inclined bars, = 60 (60 to 80)
Head loss due to friction, hf = kr*(t/b)4/5*vb2/(2*g)*sin
= 2.4*(5/75)4/5*0.62/(2*9.81)*sin60
= 0.001031m.
Head loss due to bend, hb = v2/(2*g)*(sin0)
= 0.62/2*9.81*(0)
= 0 m (since for perpendicular bars = 0)
Total head loss htotal = 0.0010031+ 0
= 0.0010031 m
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Methodology- VII
Trash Rack
Surface area of trash rack,
S = (1/k1)*[(t+b)/b]*(Q/vb)*(1/sin)
where, k1= 0.55
S = (1/0.55)*[(0.005+0.075)/0.075]*(0.1/0.6)*(1/sin60)
Vertical Height= hr-h =0.65-0.15
=0.5 m

= 0.373m2

Where, hr- normal water level

hr-ht. of trash rack from bed of the river.
Width of trash rack(bt),
B = S/( Vt. height /sin) = 0.373/(0.5/sin60) = 0.646m
Number of trash rack bars= bt/(t+b) =0.646/(0.005+0.075)
Height of trash rack,
H = height submerged in water + clearance
= [0.89 (0.0183+0.001031)] + 0.06
= 0.87m + 0.06m
= 0.93m
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Design of MHP, Group - C

=8.075

9 nos

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Methodology- VIII
Headrace Canal
Canal type: Rectangular canal in stone masonry in cement mortar
Let, Bed slope (S) = 1 in 100 Velocity (1:4 cement sand mortar from table 4.1) = 1.5 m/s
Height of water level in canal (H) = 0.3m
Q = BH*1/n*[BH/ (B+2H)]2/3*S1/2
where, Q = 0.1 m3/s
B = width of canal
n = 0.03 (for stone masonry in cement mortar using rounded stones)
0.14 =
B*0.3*1/0.03* [B*0.3/(B+2*0.3)]2/3*(1/100)1/2
B = 0.42m 0.45m
V = Q/A = 0.1/(0.3*0.45) = 0.74m/s < 1.5m/s (OK)
Critical Velocity Limit (Vc) = (Hg) = (0.3*9.81) = 1.71m/s
0.8Vc = 0.8*1.71 = 1.368 m/s > 0.615m/sec (OK)

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Methodology- IX
Headrace Canal
Check the size of particle that will settle in the canal at a velocity of 1.5m/s
d=
11RS
where, wetted perimeter (P) = B+2H = 0.45+2*0.3 =1.05m
area (A) = B*H =0.45*0.3= 0.135m2
Free board = 0.25m
Hydraulic Radius (R) = A/P = 0.135/1.05 = 0.128m
The flood flow occupies
d = 11*0.128*1/100 = 0.01408m =14.08mm 14mm
0.15/0.25*100% = 60% of the
freeboard.
Check for canal bed slope
Total Height = 0.3+0.25 = 0.55m
V = 1/n*R2/3*S1/2
or, 0.74 = 1/0.03*0.1282/3*S1/2
S = 0.0076 = 1 in 130 < 1 in 100 (OK)
Width = 0.45m
For Flood flow,
Qflood = 0.195 m3/s
Q = BH*1/n*[BH/ (B+2H)]2/3*S1/2
0.195 = 0.45*H*1/0.03* [0.45*H/(0.45+2H)]2/3*(1/100)1/2
H = 0.45m
Excess depth of water in canal during flood = 0.45-0.3 = 0.15m
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Methodology- X
Headrace Canal

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Methodology- XI
Gravel Trap as a Settling Basin
dlimit = 0.3mm
A = 2Q/w = 2*0.195/0.035 = 11.14m2
A = L*B = 8*1.5= 12m2 > 11.14m2 (OK)
V = 0.44dlimit = 0.440.3 = 0.24m/sec
y = Q/BV = 0.195/(1.5*0.24) = 0.54m (yflood= 0.55m) (OK)
Sload = QTC
Vsediment = Sload/(Sdensity*Pfactor)
Ystorage = Vsediment/A = 12.96/12= 1.08m
Actual dimension
Lsettling = 8m
Bsettling = 1.5m
Depth = 1.9m
Linlet = 2.7m
Loutlet

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= 1.1m
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Methodology- XII
Settling Basin

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Methodology- XIII
Settling Basin

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Methodology- XIV
Spillway
For a broad crested weir with round edges profile, a coefficient
Cw = 1.6
Hovertop = 0.5*0.25-0.05 =0.075m 0.1m
Case 1: where there is ponding at downstream
Length of the spillway
Lspillway = Qspillway/[ Cw*( Hovertop)1.5]
where, Qspillway = discharge over the spillway in m3/s
Hovertop = head over the spillway in m
Lspillway = 0.195/[1.6*0.11.5] = 3.85 4m
Case 2: where there is no ponding downstream
Qspillway = Qflood-Qdesign = 0.195-0.1 = 0.095 m3/s
Lspillway = 2Qspillway/[Cw*( Hovertop)1.5]
1.5
=
2*0.095/[1.6*0.1
] = 3.75m Design
3.8mof MHP, Group - C
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Methodology- XV
Flushing Pipe
Qdesign = CA(hflush)
d = [4Qdesign/{C(hflush)}] 1/2
= [4*0.1/{*2.76(0.5)}] 1/2
= 0.256m
Provide mild steel flushing pipe of internal diameter 300mm and thickness 3mm.

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Methodology- XVI
Forebay
dlimit = 0.3mm
w = 3.5cm/sec = 0.035m/sec [from Rouse, 1937]
A = 2Q/w = 2*0.13/0.035 = 7.429m2
A = L*B = 6*1.5 = 9m2 > 7.429m2 (OK)
V = 0.44dlimit = 0.440.3 = 0.24m/sec
y = Q/BV = 0.13/(1.5*0.24) = 0.36m (ycanal= 0.35m) (OK)
Sload = QTC
Vsediment = Sload/(Sdensity*Pfactor)
Actual dimension
Lsettling = 6m
Bsettling = 1.5m
Depth
Linlet
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= 1.74m
= 2.7m
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Methodology- XVII
Forebay

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Methodology- XVIII
Penstock
Q = 0.13m3/s
hgross = 26m
Two vertical bend, = 40 and 31,
Turbine type: pelton
Pipe diameter calculation
Set velocity V = 3.5m/s (2.5-3.5m/s)
Internal pipe diameter
d = [4Q/(V)] = [4*0.13/(*3.5)] = 0.217m
Provide 250mm internal diameter ungraded mild steel pipe.
Wall loss calculation
Length of penstock = 43.4m
% head loss = 2.078/26*100% = 7.992% (5%10%) (OK)
Pipe wall thickness calculation
a = 1440/[1+(2150*d)/(E*t)]
The effective thickness of a 3mm thick mild steel pipe designed for a 15
years life is teffective = 3/(1.1*1.2)-1.5 = 0.773mm
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Methodology- XIX
Check for safety factor
SF = 200* teffective *S/( htotal *d)
External diameter = 2*0.003+0.25 = 0.256m
Design of Air Vent at the entrance of Penstock
The required size of the air vent is given by
d2 = Q[F/E*(D/ teffective)3]
Provide 75mm diameter air vent.
Sizing of an Expansion Joint
The expansion of a pipe is given by
x = a*(Thot-Tcold)*L meters
For first expansion joint
Adopt x = 2*0.3 = 0.6mm 1mm
For second expansion joint
Adopt x = 2*8.761 = 17.52mm 18mm
For third expansion joint
Adopt x = 2*3.634 = 7.268mm 8mm
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Methodology- XX

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Methodology- XXI

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Methodology- XXII
Selection of Turbine for a Hydro-Site
Turbine output power = *10*Q*H
where, = efficiency of turbine = 65%
Q = turbine discharge = 0.130 m3/sec.
H = net head = 26m.
Turbine output power = (65/100)*10*0.130*26
= 21.97 KW
22 KW.
Taking desired turbine speed as 1500 rpm.
Then from graph,
The line shows that the turbine to be selected for 1500 rpm, output power as 22 KW,
and net available head of 26m is cross flow type (from graph shown in ANNEX E).

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Methodology- XXII
Machine Foundation

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RESULT- I

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Conclusion

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References

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THANK YOU

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