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Mars, Jupiter, & Saturn Show Because: Retrograde Motion

The document contains questions and answers about planetary motion. It discusses that Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn exhibit retrograde motion because Earth's faster orbit causes it to overtake and pass the outer planets, making them appear to slow and reverse direction temporarily. It also addresses that the geocentric model explained day and night by assuming the Earth was stationary at the center of the universe. Epicycles in Ptolemy's model were used to explain retrograde motion and other observed planetary motions.

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Karen
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104 views

Mars, Jupiter, & Saturn Show Because: Retrograde Motion

The document contains questions and answers about planetary motion. It discusses that Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn exhibit retrograde motion because Earth's faster orbit causes it to overtake and pass the outer planets, making them appear to slow and reverse direction temporarily. It also addresses that the geocentric model explained day and night by assuming the Earth was stationary at the center of the universe. Epicycles in Ptolemy's model were used to explain retrograde motion and other observed planetary motions.

Uploaded by

Karen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1

Mars, Jupiter, &


Saturn show
Retrograde Motion
because

1) planets move on epicycles.


2) planets orbit the Sun in the same
direction.
3) Earth moves faster in its orbit.
4) they are closer than Uranus.
5) they rotate quickly on their axes.

Question 1
Mars, Jupiter, &
Saturn show
Retrograde Motion
because

1) planets move on epicycles.


2) planets orbit the Sun in the same
direction.
3) Earth moves faster in its orbit.
4) they are closer than Uranus.
5) they rotate quickly on their axes.

As Earth overtakes and


passes the outer planets,
they seem to slow down &
then reverse direction.

Question 2
How did the
Geocentric Model
account for day &
night on Earth?

1) The Earth rotated.


2) The Sun rotated.
3) The geocentric model couldnt
account for day & night.
4) The Earth revolved around the Sun.
5) The Sun orbited Earth.

Question 2
How did the
Geocentric Model
account for day &
night on Earth?

1) The Earth rotated.


2) The Sun rotated.
3) The geocentric model couldnt
account for day & night.
4) The Earth revolved around the Sun.
5) The Sun orbited Earth.

The Geocentric Model held that


the Earth was motionless in
the center of the universe.

Question 3
Epicycles were
used in Ptolemys
model to explain

1) why planets moved in the sky.


2) why Earth was at the center.
3) why retrograde motion occurred.
4) why Earth wobbled on its axis.
5) why inner planets were always
seen near the Sun.

Question 3
Epicycles were
used in Ptolemys
model to explain

1) why planets moved in the sky.


2) why Earth was at the center.
3) why retrograde motion occurred.
4) why Earth wobbled on its axis.
5) why inner planets were always
seen near the Sun.
.

Planets were assumed to move


uniformly on an epicycle, as it
moved uniformly around Earth.

Question 4
The Geocentric
model was
supported by
Aristotle because

1) stars dont seem to show any parallax.


2) we dont feel as though Earth moves.
3) objects fall toward Earth, not the Sun.
4) we dont see an enormous wind.
5) All of the above were valid reasons.

Question 4
The Geocentric
model was
supported by
Aristotle because

1) stars dont seem to show any parallax.


2) we dont feel as though Earth moves.
3) objects fall toward Earth, not the Sun.
4) we dont see an enormous wind.
5) All of the above were valid reasons.

If the Earth rotated and orbited, we


would feel its motion.
In Aristotles time, the size of the
solar system and distances to stars
were assumed to be much, much
smaller. Parallax was expected to
be seen.

Question 5
The
Heliocentric
model
assumes

1) planets move on epicycles.


2) Earth is the center of the solar system.
3) the stars move on the celestial sphere.
4) the Sun is the center of the solar system.
5) Earths axis wobbles over 26,000 years.

Question 5
The
Heliocentric
model
assumes

1) planets move on epicycles.


2) Earth is the center of the solar system.
3) the stars move on the celestial sphere.
4) the Sun is the center of the solar system.
5) Earths axis wobbles over 26,000 years.

Heliocentric models proposed


by Aristarchus and others were
considered wrong by Aristotle
and his followers.

Question 6
Copernicus
important
contribution to
Astronomy
was

1) proving planets move around the Sun in


elliptical orbits.
2) the theory of gravity.
3) proposing a simpler model for the
motions of planets in the solar system.
4) discovering the Sun was not at the
center of the Milky Way.
5) discovering the four moons of Jupiter.

Question 6
Copernicus
important
contribution to
Astronomy
was

1) proving planets move around the Sun in


elliptical orbits.
2) the theory of gravity.
3) proposing a simpler model for the
motions of planets in the solar system.
4) discovering the Sun was not at the
center of the Milky Way.
5) discovering the four moons of Jupiter.

His heliocentric model easily


explained retrograde motion because
planets orbited the Sun at different
speeds.

Question 7
Copernicus
heliocentric
model was
flawed
because

1) he assumed planets moved in ellipses.


2) he didnt know about Uranus & Neptune.
3) he couldnt account for gravity.
4) he couldnt explain retrograde motion.
5) he assumed planets moved in circles.

Question 7
Copernicus
heliocentric
model was
flawed
because

1) he assumed planets moved in ellipses.


2) he didnt know about Uranus & Neptune.
3) he couldnt account for gravity.
4) he couldnt explain retrograde motion.
5) he assumed planets moved in circles.

Copernicus model still needed


small epicycles to account for
observed changes in planetary
speeds.

Question 8
Who published the
first astronomical
observations made
with a telescope?

1) Hipparchus
2) Galileo
3) Tycho
4) Copernicus
5) Kepler

Question 8
Who published the
first astronomical
observations made
with a telescope?

1) Hipparchus
2) Galileo
3) Tycho
4) Copernicus
5) Kepler

Galileo published the Starry


Messenger in 1610, detailing
his observations of the Moon,
Jupiters moons, stars, and
nebulae.

Question 9
Which of Galileos initial
observations was most
challenging to established
geocentric beliefs?

1) craters on the Moon


2) sunspots
3) lunar maria
4) satellites of Jupiter
5) stars of the Milky Way

Question 9
Which of Galileos initial
observations was most
challenging to established
geocentric beliefs?

1) craters on the Moon


2) sunspots
3) lunar maria
4) satellites of Jupiter
5) stars of the Milky Way

Seeing four moons clearly


move around Jupiter
disproved that everything
orbited Earth
and
showed Earth could orbit the
Sun and not lose its moon,
too.

Question 10
Which hero of the
Renaissance postulated
three laws of planetary
motion?

1) Kepler
2) Newton
3) Galileo
4) Tycho Brahe
5) Copernicus

Question 10
Which hero of the
Renaissance postulated
three laws of planetary
motion?

1) Kepler
2) Newton
3) Galileo
4) Tycho Brahe
5) Copernicus

Note that Isaac Newton is also


well known for 3 general laws
of motion.
But Keplers Laws are about
objects in orbits, like planets
orbiting a star.

Question 11
Keplers 1st law of
planetary orbits
states that

1) planets orbit the Sun.


2) orbits are noncircular.
3) orbits are elliptical in shape.
4) all of the above

Question 11
Keplers 1st law of
planetary orbits
states that

1) planets orbit the Sun.


2) orbits are noncircular.
3) orbits are elliptical in shape.
4) all of the above

Keplers Laws apply to all orbiting


objects. The Moon orbits Earth in
an ellipse, and the Space Shuttle
orbits Earth in an ellipse, too.

Question 12
Earth is closer to the Sun
in January. From this fact,
Keplers 2nd law tells us

1)
2)
3)

Earth orbits slower in


January.
Earth orbits faster in
January.
Earths orbital speed
doesnt change.

Question 12
Earth is closer to the Sun
in January. From this fact,
Keplers 2nd law tells us

1)

Earth orbits slower in


January.
Earth orbits faster in
January.
Earths orbital speed
doesnt change.

2)
3)

Keplers 2nd law


means that a planet
moves faster when
closer to the star.
Faster
Slower

Question 13
Keplers 3rd law relates a
planets distance from
the Sun and its orbital

1)
2)
3)
4)

speed.
period.
shape.
velocity.

Question 13
Keplers 3rd law relates a
planets distance from
the Sun and its orbital

1)
2)
3)
4)

speed.
period.
shape.
velocity.

Venus Period = 225 days


Venus axis = 0.7 AU

Keplers 3rd law P2 = a3


means more distant planets
orbit more slowly.
Earths Period = 365 days
Earths axis = 1.0 AU

Question 14
Newtons Law of
Gravity states that
the force between
two objects

1) increases with distance.


2) depends upon the state of
matter (solid, liquid, or gas).
3) can be attractive or repulsive.
4) increases with mass.

Question 14
Newtons Law of
Gravity states that
the force between
two objects

1) increases with distance.


2) depends upon the state of
matter (solid, liquid, or gas).
3) can be attractive or repulsive.
4) increases with mass.

The attractive force of


gravity INCREASES with
greater mass, and
DECREASES QUICKLY
with greater distance.
The force doesnt depend
on the kind of matter.

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