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Summer Camp 13: Introduction To Microcontrollers

This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers and embedded systems. It discusses that microcontrollers are small computers contained within devices to control input and output. It focuses on the Atmel ATmega microcontroller, explaining that it has 40 pins including 32 for input/output divided into 4 ports. The document details the input/output registers including DDR for data direction, PORT for output values, and PIN for reading input values. It provides an example of setting the DDR register and describes how the PORT register sets output voltage levels. Applications of microcontrollers in devices like robots and games are also listed. Software tools needed to program the microcontrollers are outlined.

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39 views

Summer Camp 13: Introduction To Microcontrollers

This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers and embedded systems. It discusses that microcontrollers are small computers contained within devices to control input and output. It focuses on the Atmel ATmega microcontroller, explaining that it has 40 pins including 32 for input/output divided into 4 ports. The document details the input/output registers including DDR for data direction, PORT for output values, and PIN for reading input values. It provides an example of setting the DDR register and describes how the PORT register sets output voltage levels. Applications of microcontrollers in devices like robots and games are also listed. Software tools needed to program the microcontrollers are outlined.

Uploaded by

Anonymous LwhDlR
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Summer Camp 13

Introduction to Microcontrollers
Shivendu Bhushan

Embedded Systems
Gadgets and devices
Self controlled devices
Contains I/O devices, storage devices and a
central controller

Example: Music player


Input

Output

Controller
Output

Storage Device

The Microcontrollers
Why micro? Larger controllers are available too:
processors that run computers.
Out of several available vendors like Atmel, Intel, ARM,
Cypress, etc. We will use Atmel ATmega
microcontrollers.
Like computers they execute programs.We will use C as
the coding language.

Example: Atmega 16
40 pin IC.
32 pins for I/O.
8 pins reserved.
I/O pins divided into 4
groups of 8 pins, called
ports.
Ports labeled as A, B, C and
D.

I/O Registers
Input / Output is controlled through special variables called
registers.
Registers are actual hardware memory locations inside the
Cs with predefined names and sizes.
Assigning a value to these registers in the program changes
the corresponding hardware configuration. And, these values
can be altered multiple number of time at any point in the
program.
There are 3 registers that control the I/O pins: DDR, PORT
and PIN.
Each port has its own registers. Hence, DDRA, PORTA,
PINA registers for port A; DDRB, PORTB, PINB for port B
and likewise.

Registers

DDR(Data Direction Register)


Decides whether the pin is Input or Output.
DDR is an 8 bit register. Each bit corresponds to a
particular pin on the associated port.
If a bit on the DDR register is 0, then the corresponding
pin on the associated port is set as input.
Similarly, if the bit is 1, then the pin is set as output.
If a pin is configured as input, then it has some floating
voltage unless an external voltage is applied.
For an output pin, the voltage is fixed to a particular
value.

Setting Register Values


MSB of DDRA corresponds to the pin A7.

If DDRA = 0b10010110, then:

PORT register
PORT is also an 8 bit register. The bits on the PORT
register correspond to the pins of the associated port in
the same manner as in the case of the DDR register.
PORT is used to set the output value.
If the pin is set as output, then a PORT value of 1 will
set voltage at that pin to 5V, and PORT value 0 sets the
voltage to 0V.
If the pin is configured as an input, PORT value serves
the purpose of pull up or pull down.

PIN register
PIN is a register whose value can be read, but cannot be
changed inside the program.
It gives the value of the actual voltage at a particular
pin. 1, if the value at the required pinis 5V and 0 for 0V.

Summary

Applications(Takneek/Techkriti)
Line Following Robots
Wireless keyboard
Wireless Gamepad
Tachometer
Music synthesizer
Motion sensing games

How to program MCU ?

--------------------------CVAVR----> HOW ?-------------------->


AVRSTUDIO

#Problem: What kind of files MCU can


execute ?
#Problem: How to transfer that file to MCU ?

Software needed:
CVAVR----> Editor and compiler
AVR Studio---- > Transfer the code to Atmega
ISIS--- > Circuit Simulator

AVR Studio

Select Tools

Select Add STK500

Select AVR
programming

Select COM port

Select Device -> Click Apply -> Read Device ID ->


Read target Voltage -> Choose Hex File -> Then
Program

Thanks..!!

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