Scribd
Upload
43 views43 pages

Delivering Presentations

This document provides guidance on delivering effective presentations. It discusses controlling speech anxiety through preparation and staying positive. There are four main types of presentations: impromptu, manuscript, memorized, and extemporaneous, with extemporaneous being the most effective. Key aspects of preparation include understanding your purpose and audience, choosing a topic, developing a thesis statement and outline, conducting research, and practicing. Guidance is also provided on engaging the audience through language, delivery, visual aids, and participation.

Uploaded by

Bingjie Gu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views43 pages

Delivering Presentations

This document provides guidance on delivering effective presentations. It discusses controlling speech anxiety through preparation and staying positive. There are four main types of presentations: impromptu, manuscript, memorized, and extemporaneous, with extemporaneous being the most effective. Key aspects of preparation include understanding your purpose and audience, choosing a topic, developing a thesis statement and outline, conducting research, and practicing. Guidance is also provided on engaging the audience through language, delivery, visual aids, and participation.

Uploaded by

Bingjie Gu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43

Lecture 2

DELIVERING
PRESENTATIONS

Presentations
Demonstration
General purpose is to inform

How to
do
somethi
ng

How
somethi
ng
works

Persuasive
General purpose is to change thinking/feeling

Presentati
on

Presentati
on

Resear
ch

Speech Anxiety
Being a bit nervous is a
good thing!
think more quickly, more
energetic and display
more passion

After a certain point


being nervous can be a
bad thing
think less clearly, speak
too quickly and make
more mistakes
a form of psychological
noise

Controlling Your Anxiety


1. Start early, prepare
in advance and
practice
systematically!
use a mirror record
then watch present
to a friendly audience
for constructive
criticism
if you can, practice in
the room you will
present

Controlling Your Anxiety


2. Be rational
even the best speakers do not execute
perfectly; rare every audience member likes
a talk

3. Stay positive
try visualizing success

4. Focus on your message and reception


make eye contact, control auditory delivery;
body movement

Types
1. Impromptu: little to no preparation
time most stressful
stay positive
use preparation time wisely (e.g.,
organize your thoughts)
consider using personal experience
incorporate comments on environment:
audience, occasion, other speakers
keep comments brief

Types
Manuscript: read directly least difficult
write the way you talk
less formal; more personal
avoid monotone; underline words to emphasize
vary speed; concentrate on ideas

make eye contact with the audience as much


as possible
use triple-spaced, short paragraphs, one-sided
pages
14 point font; capital letters

rehearse to present more informally

Types
Memorized:
manuscript
committed to
memory most
difficult
practice to facilitate
memorization and
present more
informally

Types
Extemporaneous: carefully
prepared; spontaneously presented
most effective
conversational; illusion of the first
time
notes are occasionally referred to
visual aids can help to instruct or inform
practice to remember important content
and stay within time limits

Extemporaneous Speech
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=nSGqp4-bZQY

Planning
1. PAE up early!
What is the purpose of my presentation?
Who is the audience for what I am
presenting?

How can I present it efficiently?

2. Choose a Topic
A. Start early!
B. Choose something that would interest the
audience.
C. Choose something that would interest you.
Demonstration presentation: Any questions?
Persuasive presentation: research workshop next
week!

3. Purpose Statement
Expresses the specific
realistic effect you want
to have on your
audience. E.g.:
After listening to my
presentation my audience
will know how to make a
healthy breakfast in less
than 3 minutes.
After listening to my
presentation, my
audience will be
convinced that GMOs are
safe.

Preparation
4. Analyze the occasion
Audience expectations? (Entertainment?
Information? Insight? Persuasion?)
Time (sometimes saying less is saying
more)
Can I use surrounding events or physical
space to build interest in the
introduction?

5. Research

Function of Research
A. To clarify key terms
and ideas

need to move the


audience to a
common
understanding.

E.g.: When I talk of a


GMO what I mean is
an organism whose
genetic code has been
altered through a
laboratory process

Function of Research
B. Make more
interesting

find material to
catch audiences
attention

E.g. Human animals


kill 56,000,000,000
non-human
animals/year for
consumption

Function of Research
C. Make more
memorable
E.g. I know that
during this course
only 20% of you will
not send text
messages in class

Function of Research
D. Prove claims

E.g. Eating out can


contribute to the child
obesity epidemic.
According to researchers at
the University of Illinois at
Chicago, kids and teens
consumed up to 300
calories more at a fast-food
or full-service restaurant
compared to eating at
home.

Types of Research
A. Definitions
B. Examples
personal/borrowed
actual/hypothetical (audience imagines)

C. Data
use and cite credible source
try reducing statistics to a concrete image

D. Comparison and Contrast


E. Anecdotes
F. Quotation (well known author)/Testimony (relevant authority)

Styles of Research
Citation and Narration

6. Write a Thesis Statement


Expresses the central
idea or claim you are
putting forth.
This is delivered to the
audience

E.g., Scientific research


does not support public
concerns over GMOs.
How is a thesis
statement different from
a purpose statement?

7. Structure the Speech

Basic structure of
most Speeches

Preparation
8. Using the basic structure, build a
working outline
9. Produce a formal outline (pp. 438439)
aids comprehension and memory

Introduction
I. Hook: Capture audiences attention (quote, anecdote)
II. Thesis statement
III. Preview of main ideas
Body
I. First main Point
A. Sub-point 1
1. Sub-sub-point 1
2. Sub-sub-point 2
B. Sub-point 2
C. Sub-point 3
II. Second main point
A-C. Sub-points
III. Third main point
A-C. Sub-points
Conclusion
IV. Review of main points (I-III)
V. Final remarks (and this is why I believe we should...., for
example)

Note
standard symbols
rule of division (no stand alone
single point or sub-point)
parallel wording (re: one idea)
transition from previous to
upcoming point

Exercise
Put the following main points and sub-points into the
body of an outline:

Japan desires an eastern empire


Shortage of rubber tires
Events of the war
Nazi policy of expansion
Japan seizes the Philippines
Sugar rationing
Effects of the war on America
German attacks France
Causes of the war
Germany attacks the Soviet Union

Structure of Main Points


Use a pattern that best
develops your thesis
temporal, spatial, categorical
(acronyms)

Persuasive essays often use


a problem-solution pattern.
Consider
cause-effect or effect-cause
as first two points, followed
by solutions and desired
audience response
motivated sequence
(attention, problem, solution,
its visualization, call to action)

Introduction
Where audience forms impression of speaker
Goals
1. capture attention

refer to someone in the audience


refer to the occasion
refer to relation between audience and subject
refer to something familiar to the audience
cite a startling fact or opinion
ask a rhetorical question
tell an anecdote
use a quotation
tell a joke

Introduction
2. Preview the Main Points
state your thesis and provide an
overview of the talk

3. Set the mood and tone


4. Demonstrate the importance of the
topic to the audience and to others

Conclusion
What audience remembers most
Functions
1. Paraphrase or repeat thesis statement
2. Review main points
3. Memorable final remark

Example
Pick out the
structure and
techniques used in
the following talk:
http://www.ted.com/
talks/julian_treasure
_5_ways_to_listen_b
etter.html

Preparation
10.Speaking notes to jog memory
usually a brief keyword outline (with
cited quotes) that follows structure
of formal outline
11.Practice, Practice, Practice!

Audiences Attention -- Language


1. Use clear, simple language and short
sentences.
2. Make it easy to listen
limit the amount of information better to fully
develop fewer number of ideas
use familiar analogies
build on simple information

3. Emphasize important points


repeat them in different ways
Signposts (e.g., what Im about to say is important)

Audiences Attention -Delivery


Visual aspects (nonverbal)
1. Appearance attractive but not
flashy; conservative similarity or
businesslike
2. Posture spine straight;
shoulders square; feet set
comfortably
3. Eye contact try to meet the
eyes of each audience member
at least once
4. Facial expression and body
movement get involved in your
message!

Audiences Attention -Delivery


Auditory Aspects
(paralanguage; nonverbal)
1. Volume
2. Rate and Pitch best
set by message
involvement
3. Articulation use care
to pronounce all parts
of the word

folksy vs. educated

Audience Attention Visual Aids


Objects and Models

Audience Attention Visual Aids


Diagrams

Audience Attention -- Visual Aids


Pie, Bar and Column Charts

Audience Attention Visual Aids


Line Chart

Audience Attention Visual Aids


Citation

Audience Attention Visual


Aids
Rules
1. Simplicity rule of seven: no more than seven lines
of text each with no more than seven words
2. Size make sure people seated in back of room can
see.
3. Attractiveness
4. Appropriateness
5. Reliability consider non-electronic backups

Audience Attention -Involvement


1. Use enthusiasm, energy and eye-contact.
2. Personalize your speech.
3. Use audience participation.
if too large, consider using volunteers
consider recording responses on
chalk/whiteboard, flip chart

4. Include a question and answer period.

You might also like