INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
TYPES OF COMPUTER

BY MUKHTIAR
September 27, 2016

ROSHAN ALI

September 27, 2016

LOGO

GOVT:PG JAHANZEB COLLEGE SAIDU-SHARIF SWA

DEPARTMENT:ZOOLOGY

3RD SEMESTER

PRESENTATION TOPIC:
COMPUTER GENERATIONS
HISTORY OF COMPUTER
TYPES OF COMPUTER

SCRIPTED BY: FROM GROUP A

MUKHTIAR CLASS NO:-20
ROSHAN ALI CLASS NO:-24
SUMBMITTED TO SIR: NAJIBULLAH SB

DATE:4/1/2016

C:\Users\ROSHANALI\Desktop\COMPUTER
September 27,
GENERATIONSSSSSSSSSSS.lnk

CONTENTS OF PRSENTAION TOPIC

COMPUTER GENERATION

COMPUTER

HISTORY OF COMPUTE

TYPES OF COMPUTER

September 27, 2016

COMPUTER GENERATIONS

FIRST GENERATION
(1940-1956)

2ND GENERATION
(1956-1963)

3RD GENERATION
(1964-1971)

4TH GENERATION
(1971-PRESENT)

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5TH GENERATION
(PRESENT AND BEYOND)

.
1st
generatio
n
technology

size

vacuum
tubes

2nd
generatio
n

3rd
generatio
n

transistors

integrated
microchips ARTIFICIAL
circus(mult
(millions of INTELLIGEN
iple
transistors) CE
transistors)

filled whole filled half a

buildings
room

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smaller,
just occupy
a small
table

4th
generatio
n

5th
generatio
n

SMALLER
THAN 3RD PALM OF
GENERATIO HAND
N

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
GENERATIONS
the history of computer is often reference to the
d/f generation of computing devices.
each of the five generations of computers is
characterized by a major technological
development that fundamentally changed the
way computer operate.
most developments resulted in increasingly
smaller,cheaper, more powerful and more
efficient computing devices.

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FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS

(1940-1956)
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry
and magnetic drums for memory.
They were often enormous and taking up entire room.
First generation computers relied onmachine language.
They were very expensive to operate and in addition to
using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions
The first generation computers relied on machine language.
input was based on punched card and paper tape,and outpu
was based on printouts.
The UNIVAC andENIACcomputers are examples of firstgeneration computing devices.

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univac tube board

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individual vacuum tube

9

2ND GENERATION COMPUTERS

(1956-1963)
Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the
second generation of computers.
Second-generation computers moved from
crypticbinarymachine language to symbolic.
High-level programming languageswere also being
developed at this time, such as early versions ofCOBOL
andFORTRAN.
These were also the first computers that stored their
instructions in their memory.
though the transistors still generated a great deal of
heat that subjected the computer to damage.
the first computers of this generation were developed for
the"atomic energy industry."

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The main features of second generation are

Use of transistors.
Reliable in comparison to first generation computers.
Smaller size as compared to first generation computers.
Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers.
Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers.
Faster than first generation computers.
Still very costly.
Supported machine and assembly languages.

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SOME COMPUTERS OF THIS GENERATION

WERE:-

IBM 1620
IBM 7094
CDC 1604
CDC 3600
UNIVAC 1108

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THIRD GENERATION
GENERATION COMPUTERS
COMPUTERS
THIRD
1965-1971
1965-1971
The computers of third generation
used integrated circuits (IC's) in place
of transistors. A single IC has many
transistors, resistors and capacitors
along with the associated circuitry. The
IC was invented by Jack Kilby. This
development made computers smaller
in size, reliable and efficient. In this
generation remote processing, timesharing, multi-programming operating
system were used. High-level
languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL,
PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.)
were used during this generation.

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13

 IC used.
More reliable in comparison
to previous two
generations.
Smaller size.
Generated less heat.
Faster.
Lesser maintenance.
Still costly.
Consumed lesser electricity.
Supported high-level
language.
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14

Some computers of this generation

were:

IBM-360 series
Honeywell-6000 series
PDP(Personal Data Processor)
IBM-370/168
TDC-316

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4TH GENERATION COMPUTERS

1971-1980
The computers of fourth generation
used Very Large Scale Integrated
(VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having
about 5000 transistors and other
circuit elements and their associated
circuits on a single chip made it
possible to have microcomputers of
fourth generation.
Fourth generation computers became
more powerful, compact, reliable, and
affordable. As a result, it gave rise to
personal computer (PC) revolution.
IN this generation time sharing, real
time, networks, distributed operating
system were used. All the high-level
languages like C, C++, DBASE etc.,
were used in this generation.
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The main features of fourth generation are:

VLSI technology used
Very cheap
Portable and reliable
Use of PC's
Very small size
Pipeline processing
No A.C. needed
Concept of internet was introduced
Great developments in the fields of
networks
Computers became easily available
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Some computers of this generation

were:
DEC 10
STAR 1000
PDP 11
CRAY-1(Super
Computer)
CRAY-X-MP(Super
Computer)

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FIFTH GENERTION
GENERTION COMPUTERS
COMPUTERS
FIFTH
1980-TILL DATE
DATE
1980-TILL

In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology

became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration)

technology, resulting in the production of
microprocessor chips having ten million electronic
components.
This generation is based on parallel processing
hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.
AI is an emerging branch in computer science,
which interprets means and method of making
computers think like human beings.
All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java,
.Net etc., are used in this generation.
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AI includes:
Robotics
Neural Networks
Game Playing
Development of expert
systems to make decisions
in real life situations.
Natural language
understanding and
generation.

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The main features of fifth generation are:

ULSI technology
Development of true artificial
intelligence
Development of Natural language
processing

TYPES
DESKTOP
LAPTOP

Advancement in Parallel
Processing

NOTEBOOK

Advancement in Superconductor
technology

ULTRABOOK

More user friendly interfaces with

multimedia features

CHROMEBOOK

Availability of very powerful and

compact computers at cheaper
rate
.

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HISTORY OF COMPUTER

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 Before the 1500s, in Europe,

calculations were made with an
abacus
Invented around 500BC, available in
many cultures (China, Mesopotamia,
Japan, Greece, Rome, etc.)
In 1642, Blaise Pascal (French
mathematician, physicist,
philosopher) invented a mechanical
calculator called the Pascaline
In 1671, Gottfried von Leibniz
(German mathematician,
philosopher) extended the Pascaline
to do multiplications, divisions,
square roots: the Stepped Reckoner

None of these machines had

memory, and they required human
intervention at each step
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CHARLES
BABBAGE
In 1822 Charles Babbage (English
mathematician, philosopher),
sometimes called the father of
computing built the Difference Engine
Machine designed to automate the
computation (tabulation) of polynomial
functions (which are known to be good
approximations of many useful
functions)
Based on the method of finite
difference
Implements some storage
In 1833 Babbage designed the
Analytical Engine, but he died before he
could build it
It was built after his death, powered
by steam
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Lady Augusta Ada

Countess of Lovelace
1815-1852

Lady Augusta Ada was a

brilliant mathematician.Lady
Augusta Ada wrote
programs to be run on
Babbages machines.For
this, she is recognized as
the first computer
Programmer.

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Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper:1944

Harvard Mark I Computer

The IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC) Computer was created by
IBM for Harvard University, which called it the
Mark I. First universal calculator.

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1943/1944

clossus mark-1 and mark-2

The Colossus Mark I & II are widely acknowledged as the

first programmable electric computers, and were used at
Bletchley Park to decode German codes encrypted by the
Lorenz SZ40/42.

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John Eckert & John W. Mauchly

ENIAC 1 Computer
1946

ENIAC was short for

Electronic Numerical
Integrator And
Computer. It was the
first general purpose
(programmable to
solve any problem)
electric computer. It
contained over 17,000
vacuum tubes,
weighed 27 tones and
September 27,
2016 of power
drew 150
kW

28

1947-THE
TRANSISTOR
Invented by William
Shockley (seated) John
Bardeen & Walter
Brattain at Bell Labs.
The transistor replaces
bulky vacuum tubes with
a smaller, more reliable,
and power saving solid
sate circuit.
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1951-UNIVAC
25 feet by 50 feet in
size
5,600 tubes,
18,000 crystal diodes
300 relays
Internal storage
capacity of 1,008
fifteen bit words was
achieved using 126
mercury delay lines

First commercial computer - Between 1951 and

1958, UNIVAC- I computers were delivered.
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1953 IBM 701 EDPM COMPUTER

IBM enters the
market with its
first large scale
electronic
computer.

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1984-APPLE MACINTOSH
Apple introduces the
first successful
consumer computer
with a WIMP user
interface (Windows
Icons Mouse &
Pointer),
Motorola 68000
@8Mhz
128KB Ram
US$1,995
to US$2,495
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a short summary''
(first telegraph message sent by Samuel Morse, 1844)
1844
Electronic and computing technology quickly progressed
at an ever-accelerating pace
from vacuum tubes (Lee de Forrest, the audion, 1907)
1907
to transistors (William Shockley et al. 1947)
to semiconductors (Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce, 1958)
1958
to microprocessors (M.E. Ted Hoff, 1971)
1971
to networking and the Internet (Vinton Cerf & Robert Kahn,
1982]
1982
to the World Wide Web (Tim Berners-Lee, 1991)
1991
and beyond

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Whatever next?

33

TYPES OF COMPUTER
THERE ARE THREE MAIN TYPES OF
COMPUTER:-

analog computer
digital computer
hybrid computer

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ANALOG COMPUTER
''a computer that represents data by measurable
quantities, as voltages,or,formerly,the rotation
of gears,in order to solve a problem,rather than
expressing the data as numbers.''
this type of computer accept analog input and gives
analog outputs.
most complex computer.
use for scientific research and resaerch purposes.
most fastest computer.

EXAMPLES:-

thermometer
analog clock
speedometer
tire pressure gauge
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DIGITAL COMPUTER
''A computer that performs calculations and
logical operations with quantities represented as
digits, usually in the binary number system of 0
and 1.
these are the most commonly used computers

EXAMPLES
IBM PC
Apple Macintosh
Calculators
Digital watches etc

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HYBRID COMPUTER
''A computer that processes
both analog and digital data.''

''Hybrid computer is a digital

computer that accepts analog signals,
converts them to digital and processes
them in digital form.

A hybrid computer may use or

produce analog data or digital data. It
accepts a continuously varying input,
which is then converted into a set of
discrete values for digital processing.
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EXAMPLES
Hybrid computer is the
computer used in hospitals
to measure the heartbeat
of the patient.
Devices used in petrol
pump.
Hybrid Machines are
generally used in scientific
applications or in
controlling industrial
processes.
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REFERENCES

FROM MY
COMPUTER
COPY

SLIDESHARE.COM

http://edutry.blogspot
.com

September 27, 2016

www.mhhe.co
m/peternorton

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Thank You

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Thank You

Kingsoft Office
Make Presentation much more fun

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