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Biological Molecules Structure and Function

Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides that are joined by glycosidic bonds. They provide energy and range from simple sugars to complex polysaccharides. Lipids are composed of hydrocarbon chains, often with a polar head and non-polar tail. They store large amounts of energy. Proteins are formed from chains of amino acids and have four levels of structure from primary to quaternary. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates that store and transmit genetic information.

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John Romel Sicujan Rivera
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48 views

Biological Molecules Structure and Function

Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides that are joined by glycosidic bonds. They provide energy and range from simple sugars to complex polysaccharides. Lipids are composed of hydrocarbon chains, often with a polar head and non-polar tail. They store large amounts of energy. Proteins are formed from chains of amino acids and have four levels of structure from primary to quaternary. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides containing nitrogenous bases, sugars, and phosphates that store and transmit genetic information.

Uploaded by

John Romel Sicujan Rivera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOLOGICAL

MOLECULES
STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates aregood source of


energy. Carbohydrates
(polysaccharides) are long chains of
sugars.Monosaccharides are simple
sugars that are composed of3-7
carbon atoms. The bonds shared
between two monosaccharides is the
glycosidic bonds.Monosaccharides
and disaccharides are sweet,
crystalline and water soluble
substances.Polysaccharides are
polymers of monosaccharides. They
are unsweet, and complex

CARBOHYDRATES
The

bonds shared
between two
monosaccharides is
the glycosidic
bonds.

CARBOHYDRATES

They have a free


aldehyde or ketone
group, which acts as
reducing agents and
are known as reducing
sugars.Disaccharides
are made of two

CARBOHYDRATES

LIPIDS

are composed of long


hydrocarbon chains. It
holds a large amount
of energy and are
energy storage
molecules. Most of the
lipids have a polar
head and non-polar

LIPIDS

PROTEINS
heteropolymers of stings ofamino
acids.
Proteins are formed from 20
different amino acids, depending
on the number of amino acids and
thesequence of amino acids.

PROTEINS

There are four levels of


protein structure:
Primary structure of
Protein- Here protein
exist as long chain of
amino acids arranged in a
particular sequence. They

PROTEINS

Secondary structure of
protein- The long chain of
proteins are folded and
arranged in a helix shape,
where the amino acids
interact by the formation
of hydrogen bonds. This
structure is called the

PROTEINS

Tertiary structure of protein- Long


polypeptide chains become more
stabilizes by folding and coiling, by the
formation of ionic or hydrophobic bonds
or disulphide bridges, this results in the
tertiary structure of protein.

PROTEINS

Quaternarystructure of
protein- When a protein is
an assembly of more than
one polypeptide or
subunits of its own, this is
said to be the quaternary
structureof protein.
Example: Haemoglobin,

PROTEINS

NUCLEIC ACID

are organic compounds with


heterocyclic rings. Nucleic acids
are made of polymer of
nucleotides. Nucleotides consists
of nitrogenous base, a pentose
sugar and a phosphate group. A
nucleoside is made of nitrogenous
base attached to a pentose sugar.
The nitrogenous bases are
adenine, guanine, thyamine,

NUCLEIC ACID

NUCLEIC ACID

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