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Principles of Plant Design I Notes

The document discusses flowcharting and includes notes on Confucius' teachings about learning through hearing, seeing, doing, and practicing. It defines flowcharting and outlines its benefits for communicating solutions and programming problems. Guidelines for effective flowcharting include using standard symbols connected by single flow lines and ensuring logical start and finish. Examples of flowcharts are provided to find the sum of numbers, largest of three numbers, and factorial of a number.

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Christian Nweke
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19 views

Principles of Plant Design I Notes

The document discusses flowcharting and includes notes on Confucius' teachings about learning through hearing, seeing, doing, and practicing. It defines flowcharting and outlines its benefits for communicating solutions and programming problems. Guidelines for effective flowcharting include using standard symbols connected by single flow lines and ensuring logical start and finish. Examples of flowcharts are provided to find the sum of numbers, largest of three numbers, and factorial of a number.

Uploaded by

Christian Nweke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles of Plant Design I

Notes
Flowcharting
Flowcharting notes

Ancient Chinese Philosopher


Confucius
I hear and I forget.
I see and I remember.
I do and I understand.

Ancient Chinese Philosopher


Confucius
I hear and I forget.
I see and I remember.
I do and I understand.
I practice and I perfect

Flowcharting - Definition
The flowchart is a means of visually
presenting the flow of data through an
information processing systems, the
operations performed within the system
and the sequence in which they are
performed.
A flowchart is a diagrammatic
representation that illustrates the
sequence of operations to be performed to
get the solution of a problem.
4

Benefits
Flowcharts are generally drawn in the early
stages of formulating computer solutions.
Flowcharts facilitate communication between
programmers and business people.
These flowcharts play a vital role in the
programming of a problem and are quite helpful
in understanding the logic of complicated and
lengthy problems.
Once the flowchart is drawn, it becomes easy
to write the program in any high level language.
5

Symbols 01

Symbols 02

Symbols 03

Guidelines in Flowcharting 01
In drawing a proper flowchart, all
necessary requirements should be listed
out in logical order.
The flowchart should be clear, neat and
easy to follow. There should not be any
room for ambiguity in understanding the
flowchart.
The usual direction of the flow of a
procedure or system is from left to right or
top to bottom.
9

Guidelines in Flowcharting
02
Only one flow line
should come out
from a process
symbol.

10

Guidelines in Flowcharting
03
Only one flow line
should enter a
decision symbol,
but two or three
flow lines, one for
each possible
answer, should
leave the decision
symbol.

11

Guidelines in Flowcharting
04
Only one flow line
is used in
conjunction with
terminal symbol.

12

Guidelines in Flowcharting
05
Write within
standard symbols
briefly. As
necessary, you can
use the annotation
symbol to describe
data or
computational
steps more clearly.

13

Guidelines in Flowcharting
06
If the flowchart becomes complex, it
is better to use connector symbols to
reduce the number of flow lines.
Avoid the intersection of flow lines if
you want to make it more effective
and better way of communication.
Ensure that the flowchart has a
logical start and finish.
14

Guidelines in Flowcharting
07
It is useful to test the validity of the
flowchart by passing through it with
a simple test data.

15

Advantages of Using Flowcharts 01


1. Communication: Flowcharts are better
way of communicating the logic of a
system to all concerned.
2. Effective analysis: With the help of
flowchart, problem can be analysed in
more effective way.
3. Proper documentation: Program
flowcharts serve as a good program
documentation, which is needed for
various purposes.
16

Advantages of Using
Flowcharts 02
5. Efficient Coding: The flowcharts act as a
guide or blueprint during the systems
analysis and program development phase.
6. Proper Debugging: The flowchart helps in
debugging process.
7. Efficient Program Maintenance: The
maintenance of operating program
becomes easy with the help of flowchart.
It helps the programmer to put efforts
more efficiently on that part
17

Limitations of Using
Flowcharts
1. Complex logic: Sometimes, the program logic is
quite complicated. In that case, flowchart
becomes complex and clumsy.
2. Alterations and Modifications: If alterations are
required the flowchart may require re-drawing
completely.
3. Reproduction: As the flowchart symbols cannot
be typed, reproduction of flowchart becomes a
problem.
4. The essentials of what is done can easily be lost
in the technical details of how it is done.
18

Draw a flowchart to find the sum of


first 50 natural numbers.

19

Draw a flowchart to find the


largest of three numbers A,B, and
C.

20

Draw a flowchart for computing


factorial N (N!)
Where N! = 1 2 3 N .

21

Fill in Questions
1. A program flowchart indicates the_________ to be
per formed and the __________ in which they
occur.
2. A program flowchart is generally read from
_____________ to ________________
3. Flowcharting symbols are connected together by
means of ___________________
4. A decision symbol may be used in determining
the ____________ or ___________ of two data items.
5. __________ are used to join remote portions of a
flowchart
22

More Fill in Questions


6. ____________ connectors are used when a
flowchart ends on one page and begins again on
other page
7. A ________ symbol in used at the beginning and
end of a flowchart.
8. The flowchart is one of the best ways of ________
a program..
9. To construct a flowchart, one must adhere to
prescribed symbols provided by the __________ .
10.The programmed uses a ____________ to aid him
in drawing flowchart symbols.
23

Solutions to Fill In Questions


1. Operations,
sequence
2. Top, down
3. Flow lines
4. Equality,
inequality
5. connectors

Off page
Terminal
Documenting
ANSI (American
National
Standards
Institute)
10.Flowcharting
template
6.
7.
8.
9.

24

Take Home Questions


1. Draw a flowchart to read a number N and
print all its divisors.
2. Draw a flowchart for computing the sum of
the digits of any given number
3. Draw a flowchart to find the sum of given N
numbers.
4. Draw a flowchart to computer the sum of
squares of integers from 1 to 50
5. Draw a flowchart to arrange the given data
in an ascending order.
25

Ancient Chinese Philosopher


Confucius

I
I
I
I

hear and I forget. 0%


see and I remember.
30%
do and I understand. 41% - 48%
practice and I perfect 60% - 80%

Remember to do
Remember to take time to read your notes

Remember to take time to practice

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