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Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA is a molecule that carries genetic instructions and consists of two strands coiled around each other. RNA plays essential roles in coding, decoding, regulating, and expressing genes, and is often single-stranded. During protein synthesis, the DNA directions are transcribed onto messenger RNA in the nucleus, which then transports the genetic message to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis through transcription. Transcription is the first step where a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA by the RNA polymerase enzyme.

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30 views6 pages

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA is a molecule that carries genetic instructions and consists of two strands coiled around each other. RNA plays essential roles in coding, decoding, regulating, and expressing genes, and is often single-stranded. During protein synthesis, the DNA directions are transcribed onto messenger RNA in the nucleus, which then transports the genetic message to ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis through transcription. Transcription is the first step where a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA by the RNA polymerase enzyme.

Uploaded by

Louise
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DNA

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

WHAT IS DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the
genetic instructions used in the growth, development,
functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms
and many viruses. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids;
alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates
(polysaccharides), they are one of the four major types of
macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of
life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer
strands coiled around each other to form a double helix.

WHAT IS RNA?
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various
biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of
genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and
carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for
all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of
nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a
single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand.
Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic
information (using the letters G, U, A, and C to denote the nitrogenous
bases guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine) that directs synthesis of
specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using
an RNA genome.

DNA TO RNA
Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes, which are located in
the cytoplasm. DNA, when its set of directions for putting the
amino acids together, is in the nucleus. The DNA never leaves
the nucleus. Instead, its directions are copied onto a strand on
RNA called MESSENGER RNA or M-RNA. Messenger RNA then
carries the DNA message from the nucleus to the ribosomes in
the cytoplasm. The process by which the DNA code is copied
onto a strand pof messenger RNA is called TRANSCRIPTION.

TRANSCRIPTION
Transcription is the first step of gene
expression, in which a particular segment of
DNA is copied into RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme
RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are
nucleic acids, which use base pairs of
nucleotides as a complementary language.

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