Safety Equipments

used by Line Staff of

Wapda

Presented to
Sir Thaueed ur
Rehman
Presented by
Lubna Khan
(2013-EE-03)
Hira Asghar
(2013-EE-13)
Sadaf Maalik
(2013-EE-21)

Focal points
Safety
Terms related to Safety
Safety Policy
Safety Instructions
Employees Responsibilities for
Safety
Safety Equipments

What is Safety??
The condition of being protected
from danger, risk or injury.
A serious workplace injury or death
changes lives forever for families,
friends and coworkers too.
Human loss and suffering is
immeasurable.

Importance of Safety
To help manage the risk of the
business
Less injuries = more profits
To protect yourself
Missed workdays and lost wages
Decreased productivity
Increased insurance payments

Terms Related to Safety

The terms which are mostly used
when we discuss about safety are:
Hazards
Risk
Unsafe acts
Safe work practice
Safety policy
Instructions for safety

Hazards
Any situation
that has
potential to
cause bodily
harm to
employees.

Continued
Physical or
Environmenta
l hazards
which are
present in the
workplace.

Entrance & Exit Wound

Arc or Flash & Thermal

Contact Burns

Internal Injuries

Types Of Work
Hazards

Depends on two things:

Where you work

Type of work
performed

Electrical Hazards and Safety

More than 3 ma
painful shock
More than 10 ma
muscle contraction no-let-go danger
More than 30 ma
lung paralysis- usually temporary
More than 50 ma
possible ventricular fibrillation . (heart
disfunction, usually fatal)
100 ma to 4 amps
certain ventricular fibrillation, fatal
Over 4 amps
heart paralysis; severe burns.

Clues that Electrical Hazards

May Exist
Tripped circuit breakers or blown fuses.
Hot to the touch on tools, wires, connections,
or junction boxes.
Dim and flickering lights.
Sizzles and buzzes-unusual sounds from
electrical system.
Odor of hot insulation.
Mild tingle from contact with case or
equipment.
GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) that
shuts off a circuit.

What is Risk??
Risk is the potential of gaining or
losing
something of value(physical health,
social status)can be gained or lost
when taking
risk resulting from a given action or
inaction.
Exposure to the chance of injury or
loss.

Continued
An Engineering definition of Risk
Risk=(probability
of
event)*(consequences)
Each of us in every daily life must
live with risk. You as students must
contend withPhysical and mental health risks
Accident risks
Academic
performance-future
career risks

Unsafe Acts
Wearing
Inappropriate
Clothing
Lifting
Improperly
Using Tools
Improperly.
Lacking
knowledge

Safe workplace practice

The process of protecting
employees from
work
related illness and injury.

Protecting Employees
from Workplace Hazards
Employers must protect employees
from workplace hazards and dangerous
work procedures that can cause injury
and illness.
Employers must:
Use all feasible engineering and work
practice controls to eliminate and
reduce hazards.
Then use appropriate PPE if these
controls do not eliminate hazards.

Safety Policy
Accident prevention is the responsibility of
all
employees. Preventing accidents shall be a
primary consideration in all phases of our
operations and administration. So company
makes a policy to provide safety to all
employees which includes following rules.
The company believes that safety starts
with proper training.
Employees
must
help
to
prevent
accidents.

Continued..
Housekeeping
is
everyones
responsibility.
Unsafe
conditions
must
be
reported
immediately
to
management.
If an employ is not sure of how to
perform a task safely, he or she
should ask a qualified person for
guidance or help.

Safety policy of Wapda

The safety policy of WAPDA is
designed to achieve the following
objectives.
To provide safe working condition,
proper training and protective device.
To train employee in practice for the
safe conduct of their work.
To enforce the safety measures.

Safety Instructions
Remove all conductive articles of jewelry
and clothing, such as watch bands,
bracelets, rings, key chains, necklaces,
metalized aprons, cloth with conductive
thread, or metal headgear.
Portable ladders must have non-

conductive side rails if they are used

where a, workers or the ladder could
contact exposed energized parts.

Continued
Keep all ladder parts at least 10 feet

away from overhead power lines.

Use both hands while climbing.
Use, store and maintain your electrical
PPE (personal protective equipment) in a
safe, reliable condition.
Wear nonconductive head protection
wherever there is a danger of head injury
from electric shock or burns due to
contact with exposed energized parts.

Continued
Most lines are bare and
higher voltage than the
normal insulated
wiring.
Contact is not required
to initiate an arc or
cause shock and burn
injuries.
Maintain safe approach
distances(10 feet) when
working near energized
overhead lines.

Why Should You follow

Safety Procedures?
You will form good safety
habits that will help protect
you from accidents and
injuries

Employees
Responsibilities
for Safety

Follow OSHA( Occupational

safety Health Administration)
rules and standards.
Comply with businesses safety
rules.

Continued
Report dangerous work habits
or unsafe conditions to
supervisors.
Report job-related injuries or
illnesses to the appropriate
supervisor, and seek medical
attention as needed.

What is Safety Equipments?

Safety equipments are also called
personal protective equipments.
The equipments are used:
To protect us from injury ,infection or
any other hazards.
To shield or isolate the individual
from chemical, physical, or biological
hazards that may be encountered.

List of Safety Equipments

Eye protection
Face protection
Head Protection
Hand Protection
Foot Protection
Body Protection

Eye Protection

Eye Protection
Thousands of people are blinded
each year from work related eye
injuries. Injuries that could have
been prevented, if only people
would have used eye protection.
By the use of proper safety
equipments one can eliminate
the risk of injury .

Types of Eye Hazards

Impact
Heat
Dust
Chemicals
Optical
radiation

How these Hazards can

be Eliminated?
Machine Guards
Many types of machines
such as lathes, grinders,
and sanders are equipped
with guards, shields and
screens
Ventilation
Ventilation, along with
damping systems, can
significantly reduce the
amount of airborne
particles that could be
hazardous to your eyes

Lighting
Good lighting
reduces eye
strain and glare
Signs and
Warnings
Obstructions and
protruding
objects should be
identified and

Continued
Eyewash Stations
Eyewash stations should be located within 100
feet of your work area. If you accidentally get
something in your eyes, go directly to the
eyewash station and flush your eyes with water
for 15 minutes. Be sure to hold your eyes open
with your fingers and "look" directly into the
water streams.

Safe Work Practices

Read and follow all warnings and precautions
that may be found on equipment and
hazardous materials .
Keep sharp or pointed objects away from
youreyes.

PPE for Eyes

Safety Glasses
Much stronger and more resistant to impact and
heat than regular glasses .
Equipped with side shields that give you
protection from hazards that may not be directly
in front of you .
Should fit comfortable on face through all job
tasks. Ensure that glasses are not too big or too
tight

Limitation:
Does not seal around eyes, could allow small
droplets to come in contact with eyes

Goggles
surround the eye area, they give you more
protection in situations where you might
encounter splashing liquids, fumes, vapors,
powders, dusts, and mists
Goggles fit the face immediately
surrounding the eyes and form a protective
seal around the eyes. This prevents objects
from entering under or around the goggles.
Limitation
Uncomfortable to wear with other head
gear like helmet, ear muffs or respirator.

Safety Glasses & Goggles

Face Protection

Is This an Appropriate
Welders Mask?

Is This an Appropriate
Face Shield?

Impact Hazards: Face Shields

Face shields are intended to
protect the entire face, or
portions thereof, from impact
hazards such as flying fragments,
objects, large chips, and
particles.
When worn alone, face shields
do not protect employees from
impact hazards. Use face shields
in combination with safety
spectacles or goggles for
additional protection.

Optical Radiation: Welding

Welding helmets are
secondary protectors intended
to shield the eyes and face
from optical radiation, heat,
and impact.
Use welding helmets in
addition to primary protection
such as safety spectacles or
goggles to provide adequate
protection.

Head Protection

OSHA Office of Training and

Education

49

Is This An Appropriate
Hard Hat?

Head Protection
Why is Head Protection Important?
In and around your head are:
Your eyes, with which you see
Your
Your
Your
Your

ears, with which you hear

nose, with which you smell
mouth, with which you eat and speak
brain, with which you think

Injuries to the head are very serious. For

this reason, head protection and safety are
very important .

Types Of Head Hazards

Impact
Electric shock
Drips

Contd......
Impact
Falling or flying objects
falling or walking into hard objects
Electric Shock
Live exposed electric wires
Injuries include electrical shocks and
burns
Drips
Toxic liquids such as acids, caustics, and
molten metals can irritate and burn the
head/scalp.

Elimination or Control of
Hazards
Safe Work Practices
Grounded equipment/shock
resistant tools
Signs posted warning of
hazards

Types of Head PPE

Class A Hard Hats
Protect you from falling
objects
Protect you from electrical
shocks up to 2,200 volts
Class B Hard Hats
Protect you from falling
objects
Protect you from electrical
shocks up to 20,000volts
Class C Hard Hats
Protect you from falling
objects
Bump Caps
Bump caps are made from
lightweight plastic and are
designed to protect you
from bumping your head
on protruding objects

Continued
Modification of Hard
Hat
Drilled holes for
venting relief
Inserted pencil
holder on hat for
easy retrieval
Hard hat from
employee holding
ladder
Employee on ladder

Hand Protection

OSHA Office of Training and

Education

57

Hand Protection
Why is Hand
Protection
Important?
It has been estimated
that almost 20% of all
disabling accidents on
the job involve the
hands
Without your fingers
or hands, your ability

When Must Hand

Protection be
Provided?

when any of these are present:

Burns
Bruises
Abrasions
Cuts
Punctures
Fractures
Chemical Exposures
OSHA Office of Training and
Education

59

Elimination or Control Of Hazards

Engineering Controls
Machine guards

Procedures
Lock out/Tag out

Housekeeping and
Hygiene
Poorly maintained
machinery, tools, sloppy
work areas, and
cluttered aisles all

Types of Hand PPE

Gloves

Metal mesh gloves

resist sharp edges and prevent
cuts

Leather gloves
shield your hands from rough
surfaces

Vinyl and neoprene gloves

protect your hands against toxic
chemicals

Rubber gloves
protect you when working
around electricity

Continued
Padded cloth gloves
protect your hands from
sharp edges, slivers, dirt.
Heat resistant gloves
protect your hands from
heat and flames
Latex disposable gloves
used to protect your hands
from germs and bacteria
Lead-lined gloves
used to protect your hands
from radiation sources

Continued.
Forearm Cuffs
used to protect
yourforearm
Thumb Guards and
Finger Cots
protect only your thumb or
fingers
Hand Pads
Hand pads protect your
handswhile working
around very hot materials

Ear Protection

Hearing Protection
When its not
feasible to reduce
the noise or
its duration use
ear
protective
devices.
Ear protective
devices

OSHA Office of Training and

Education

65

When Must Hearing

Protection be
Provided?

After implementing engineering

and work practice controls .
When an employees noise
exposure exceeds an 8-hour timeweighted average (TWA) sound level
of 90 dBA

OSHA Office of Training and

Education

66

Examples of Hearing Protectors

Earmuffs

Earplugs

OSHA Office of Training and

Education

Canal Caps

67

Foot Protection

OSHA Office of Training and

Education

68

Why Foot Protection is

Important??
The human foot is rigid
enough to support the
weight of your entire
body, and yet flexible
enough to allow you to
run, dance, play sports,
and to take you
anywhere you want to
go. Without your feet
and toes, your ability to
work at your job would
be greatly reduced.

Why Must Foot

Protection be
Provided??
When any of these are present:
Heavy objects such as barrels or
tools that might roll onto or fall on
employees feet
Sharp objects such as nails or
spikes that might pierce ordinary
shoes
Molten metal that might splash on
feet
Hot or wet surfaces
OSHA Office of Training and
Education

71

Types of Foot PPE

Safety Shoes and Boots

Steel toe footwear
protects your toes from
falling objects and from
being crushed
Metatarsal footwear
special guards that run from
your ankle to your toes and
protect your entire foot
Reinforced sole footwear
metal reinforcement that
protects your foot from
punctures
Latex/Rubber footwear
resists chemicals and
provides extra traction on

Continued.
Electrostatic dissipating
footwear
conducts static electricity
to floors that are grounded
Electrical hazard footwear
insulated with tough
rubber to prevent shocks
and burns from electricity
Disposable footwear
includes shower slippers,
clear polyethylene and
non-woven booties used in
dust free work areas

Example for Foot Protection

Employee ran over
foot with lawn mower
Notice the damage
to the shoe
The steel toe insert
is lying in the grass
next to perfectly
fine toes
This employee
received no injuries
during this incident

Safety Belt

Safety Belt

Body Protection

WHY IS BODY
PROTECTION
IMPORTANT
Why is Body Protection Important?
The skin acts as a natural barrier to the
elements
Chemicals can break down the skin
barrier and allow secondary infections
to manifest

Major Causes of Body Injuries

Intense heat
Splashes of hot metals and other
hot liquids
Impacts from tools, machinery,
and materials
Cuts
Hazardous chemicals
Radiation
OSHA Office of Training and
Education

80

Criteria for Selection

Provide protective clothing
for parts of the body
exposed to possible injury
Types of body protection:
Vests
Aprons
Jackets
Coveralls
Full body suits
OSHA Office of Training and
Education

Covera
lls

81

Types of Body PPE

Insulated Coats and Pants
Fire resistant
Heat resistant
Cold resistant

Sleeves and Aprons

Work well when pouring or
manipulating chemical to reduce
splash
Make sure the sleeves and aprons are
appropriate for the chemical

Continued.
Coveralls

Type use for particulate filtering

such as asbestos
Chemical rated

Full body suit

Hazardous materials handling

Carbon filtering for emergency
response

Body Protection

Cooling
Vest

Full Body Suit Sleeves and

Apron
OSHA Office of Training and
Education

84

THANK
YOU
FOR

LISTENING TO
OUR PRESENTATION