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Experiment 1 - Distillation

This document discusses different distillation techniques for separating ethanol from alcoholic beverages. It begins by defining distillation as a process that separates liquid mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Simple distillation involves evaporating and condensing a liquid mixture, while fractional distillation uses a distillation column with theoretical plates to improve separation. The document then explains vapor pressure, boiling points, and how heating and decreasing pressure can induce vaporization. It outlines the principles of ideal and non-ideal liquid-vapor behavior and discusses azeotropes. Finally, it shows how distillation data can be used to determine ethanol concentration and loss from a sample.

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Jhef ebuenga
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227 views22 pages

Experiment 1 - Distillation

This document discusses different distillation techniques for separating ethanol from alcoholic beverages. It begins by defining distillation as a process that separates liquid mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Simple distillation involves evaporating and condensing a liquid mixture, while fractional distillation uses a distillation column with theoretical plates to improve separation. The document then explains vapor pressure, boiling points, and how heating and decreasing pressure can induce vaporization. It outlines the principles of ideal and non-ideal liquid-vapor behavior and discusses azeotropes. Finally, it shows how distillation data can be used to determine ethanol concentration and loss from a sample.

Uploaded by

Jhef ebuenga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEPARATION OF ETHANOL

FROM ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE


USING SIMPLE AND
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

DISTILLATION
Process of separating components of
a liquid mixture
Basis of separation is difference in
BOILING TEMPERATURE or VAPOR
PRESSURE
Separation by evaporation followed
by condensation

VAPORIZATION OF
LIQUIDS
Vapor Pressure the
force exerted by the
liquid molecules per unit
area of the gas at the
liquid-gas interphase
Boiling Temperature
temperature at which
the vapor pressure of
the liquid is equal to the
atmospheric pressure

HOW CAN WE VAPORIZE


LIQUIDS?
1. Spontaneous Evaporation
2. Heating
3. Decreasing the pressure of the
surrounding

TYPES OF DISTILLATION
1.
2.
3.
4.

Simple Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Steam Distillation
Vacuum Distillation

SIMPLE VS FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION
5

8
3
2
1

7
8

2
10

SIMPLE
DISTILLATION

FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION

PHYSICAL LAWS GOVERNING


LIQUID AND GAS MIXTURES
1.Daltons Law of Partial Pressures

PT = P1 + P2 + P3 + .. PN
2. Raoults Law

PA = A P A 0
Where A =

FOR A TWO COMPONENT


SYSTEM

PT = PA + PB
nA + nB = nT
=
A + B = 1
PT = APA0 + BPB0

LIQUID-VAPOR DIAGRAM OF A
TWO COMPONENT MIXTURE

LIQUID-VAPOR DIAGRAM OF A
TWO COMPONENT MIXTURE

IDEAL VS NON-IDEAL
MIXTURE
IDEAL
Non-interacting
(No IMFA)
Non-reacting
(No chemical
reaction)

NON-IDEAL
Interacting
(With IMFA e.g.
polar, H-bonding,
van der Waals,
Hydrophobic
Interaction )
Reacting
(With change in
chemical

AZEOTROPE

MAXIMUM VS MINIMUM
AZEOTROPE

Maximum or Negative
Azeotrope
Minimum or Positive
Azeotrope

USING THE LIQUID-VAPOR


DIAGRAM TO DETERMINE
COMPOSITION OF THE DISTILLATE

SIMPLE VS FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION

SIMPLE
DISTILLATION

FRACTIONAL
DISTILLATION

THE COLUMN

THEORETICAL PLATES
Measure of
efficiency of the
apparatus used in
separation
Number of
purification cycles
performed

THE EXPERIMENT
15 ml of sample was
placed in the pearshaped flask

Distillation setup was


assembled

Sample in the pear


shaped flask was heated

Distillate was collected in


0.5 mL increments while
monitoring the
temperature

A graph of volume of
distillate vs temperature
was generated

% EtOH, Proof and


% loss were

VOLUME OF DISTILLATE VS
TEMPERATURE

Below is the graph generated from distillation of 30.0 mL


of lambanog, a native alcoholic beverage famous in the
Southern Tagalog Region. Determine the: (a) %alcohol,
(b) proof; and (c) % loss if the total collected distillate is
18.0 ml and the residue left in the flask is 11.5 mL.

10
0

Temperature (0C)

90
80
70
60

0
16.0

4.0
20.0

8.0
Volume

12.0

90

Temperature
(0C)

1. What is the boiling


point of pure A?
pure B?
2. What is the boiling
point of the liquid
mixture which is
made up of 0.30 of
A? 0.45 of B?
3. What will be the
composition of
vapor when a
mixture containing
0.35 of A was
distilled using
simple distillation?
Fractional
distillation with a
column with 4
theoretical plates?

8
5

8
0
A 0.0
B 1.0

0.5
0.5

Mole Fraction

1.0
0.0

THE END

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