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4th Normal Form of Normalization

The document defines and provides examples of 4th normal form (4NF) in database normalization. 4NF is concerned with dependencies known as multivalued dependencies, which occur when two or more independent multi-valued facts are described by the same attribute within a single table. For a table to be in 4NF, it must first be in Boyce-Codd normal form and cannot contain any multivalued dependencies. The document provides examples of tables that are and are not in 4NF and describes how to convert a non-4NF table into 4NF.

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shoaib
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464 views

4th Normal Form of Normalization

The document defines and provides examples of 4th normal form (4NF) in database normalization. 4NF is concerned with dependencies known as multivalued dependencies, which occur when two or more independent multi-valued facts are described by the same attribute within a single table. For a table to be in 4NF, it must first be in Boyce-Codd normal form and cannot contain any multivalued dependencies. The document provides examples of tables that are and are not in 4NF and describes how to convert a non-4NF table into 4NF.

Uploaded by

shoaib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4 Normal Form of

Normalization
th

Shoaib Ali Ansari 28100


Sajid Khan Yousufzai 35540

Contents
Introduction
Definition
Overview (Overall Normalization)
Rules or Qualifications (4th NF)
Multivalued Dependencies(MVD)
BCNF
Examples (4th NF)
References

Introduction
Database normalization is the process of organizing
thecolumns(attributes) andtables(relations) of arelational
databaseto minimizedata redundancy.
Normalization involves decomposing a table into less redundant
(and smaller) tables without losing information; definingforeign
keysin the old table referencing theprimary keys of the new ones.
Edgar F. Codd, the inventor of therelational model(RM),
introduced the concept of normalization and what we now know as
theFirst normal form(1NF) in 1970.Codd went on to define
theSecond normal form(2NF) andThird normal form(3NF) in
1971,[and Codd andRaymond F. Boycedefined the Boyce-Codd
Normal Form (BCNF) in 1974.

Definition(4th NF)
Fourth normal form(4NF) is anormal formused
indatabase normalization. Introduced byRonald
Faginin 1977, 4NF is the next level of normalization
afterBoyceCodd normal form(BCNF). Whereas
thesecond,third, andBoyceCoddnormal forms are
concerned withfunctional dependencies, 4NF is
concerned with a more general type of dependency
known as amultivalued dependency.

Overview (Overall Normalization)


1ST NF : Each attribute value must be single.
2ND NF : All nonkey attributes are fully dependent on
the primary key.
3rd NF : Nonprimary key attributes do not depend on
other nonprimary key attributes

Rules or Qualifications (4 NF)


th

The official qualifications for 4th NF are:


A table is already in BCNF(Boyce Codd Normal
Form).
A table contains no Multi-Valued Dependencies.

Multivalued Dependency(MVD)
Definition
MVD occur when two or more independent
multi valued facts about the same attribute
occur within the same table.

Multivalued Dependency(MVD)
EXAMPLE :

BCNF(Boyce Codd Normal Form).


BCNF was developed by Raymond Boyce and E.F. Codd;
the latter is widely considered the father of relational
database design.
BCNF is really an extension of 3rd Normal Form (3NF).
For this reason it is frequently termed 3.5NF.

BCNF(Boyce Codd Normal Form).


The official qualifications for BCNF are:
The table should already be in 3RD NF
Every determinant field should be a candidate key

BCNF EXAMPLE
TABLE NOT IN (BCNF)

BCNF EXAMPLE
Table in BCNF

ITS CANDIDATE KEY IS (RATE TYPE)


ITS CANDIDATE KEYS ARE
(RATE TYPE , START TIME)
(RATE TYPE , END TIME)

Examples (4th NF)


TABLE NOT IN 4TH NF

Examples (4th NF)


TABLE CONVERTED TO 4TH NF

Examples (4th NF)


TABLE NOT IN 4TH NF

Examples (4th NF)


TABLE CONVERTED TO 4TH NF

Examples (4th NF)


Wil be doing it by myself on the board

References
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTt3J-yBGaQ&featur
e=youtu.behttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTt3J-yB
GaQ&feature=youtu.be
http://
www.slideshare.net/kosalgeek/database-normalization-1
nf-2nf-3nf-bcnf-4nf-5nf?from_action=save
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5642/boycecodd-normal-form-bcnf

THANK YOU!

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