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FCE 3204 Thinking Skills

The document discusses how the brain works and its role in learning. It describes the major parts of the brain including the cerebrum, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellum, brain stem, and hippocampus. Each region has specialized functions related to motor skills, senses, language, emotion, memory, and more. The document also explains how sensory information is processed by either the thinking brain or reactive brain and offers tips to optimize brain function such as staying physically and mentally healthy.

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Tey Boon Kiat
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219 views23 pages

FCE 3204 Thinking Skills

The document discusses how the brain works and its role in learning. It describes the major parts of the brain including the cerebrum, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, cerebellum, brain stem, and hippocampus. Each region has specialized functions related to motor skills, senses, language, emotion, memory, and more. The document also explains how sensory information is processed by either the thinking brain or reactive brain and offers tips to optimize brain function such as staying physically and mentally healthy.

Uploaded by

Tey Boon Kiat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FCE 3204: THINKING SKILLS

TOPIC
HOW YOUR BRAIN WORK
AND
HOW THE BRAIN WORK IN LEARNING

TEY BOON KIAT


185622

The Function of Brain


The human brain is a complex and intricate structure that is composed
of different regions. The human brain is the main organ of the human
nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull. It is
made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions
of connections called synapses. The brain is made up of many
specialized areas that work together. The brain also helps perform vital
operations such as breathing, maintaining blood pressure, and
releasing hormones (chemical signals that control certain Cells and
organs). The brain is divided into sections. The largest part of the
human brain is the cerebrum, which is divided into two hemispheres.

NEUROSCIENCE
Neuroscience is the study
of the nervous system
which is one of the last
great frontier of
knowledge

Neuroscience research spans from molecules, through cells


and pathways, all the way up to complex human
behaviour.
Neuroscience integrates physics, chemistry, and biology,
with studies of anatomy, physiology, and behavior
including human emotional and cognitive functions.

Frontal Lobe
Frontal lobe is the frontmost
region of the cerebral cortex.
It locates right under the
forehead. This lobe of brain is
involved in movement,
decision-making, problem
solving and planning.
The frontal lobe can be
divided into the prefrontal
cortex, which is responsible
for personality expression and
the planning of complex
cognitive behaviors; and the
premotor and motor areas,
which control the execution of
voluntary muscle movement.

Its main function are:


1.Motor functions
2.Higher order functions, conscious thought
3.Planning and problem solving
4.Concentration and attention span
5.Reasoning, forward and critical thinking
6.Judgement
7.Impulse control
8.Memory for habits and motor activities
9.Emotional response and empathy
10.Expressive language and meaning

Parietal Lobe
The parietal lobe, located
near the back and top of
the head, is part of the
cerebral cortex. It is
involved in the reception
and processing of sensory
information from the body.
It controls goal directed
voluntary movements,
manipulation of objects and
the integration of different
senses that allow for
understanding a single
concept

Its function
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Cognition
Information processing
Pain and touch sensation
Spatial orientation and body position
Speech
Understanding the concept of time
Visual attention and face recognition

Occipital Lobe
At the rear of the cerebral cortex,
the occipital lobes are the centres
for visual processing, i.e. the
interpretation of colour, shape
and distance
Located within the occipital lobes is
the primary visual cortex, a region
of the brain that receives visual
input from the retina, which is then
interpreted in the occipital lobes.
The peristriate regionof the
occipital lobe is involved in
visuospatial processing, as well as
perception of movement and
colour.

Its function:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Visual perception
Color recognition
Depth perception
Motion detection

Temporal Lobe
Auditory and Visual
The temporal lobes, located on
the side of the head above the
ears.
It plays an important role in
organising and combining what
we see and hear, language and
speech production, as well as
memory association and
formation. Structures of the
limbic system, including the
olfactory cortex, amygdala and
the hippocampus are located
the
temporal
lobes.
The upper and central regionswithin
receive
auditory
input
from
the ears via the thalamus; the lower region performs visual
processing for object and pattern recognition; and the
media and anterior regions are involved in visual
recognition depending on memory.

Its function:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Hearing ability and auditory perception


Understanding spoken language and rhythm
Memory acquisition and learning
Some visual perception
Categorization and ordering of objects
Speech
Emotional responses

Cerebellum
Located at the base of the skull, the
cerebellum (in Latin, meaning little
brain) controls motor movement
coordination, balance, equilibrium and
muscle tone. It relays information
between body muscles and areas of
the cerebral cortex involved in motor
control

Funtions:
1. Coordination of fine
movement
2. Balance and equilibrium
3. Some memory for reflex
motor acts
4. Muscle tone

Brain Stem
Coordination and Relay
The brain stem connects
the cerebrum with the
spinal cord and consists
of the midbrain, medulla
oblongata, and the pons.
It coordinates and relays
motor control signals
sent between the brain
and the body and
controls life supporting
functions of the nervous
system.

Functions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Breathing
Heart rate
Swallowing
Sweating, blood pressure, digestion, temperature
(Autonomic nervous system)
Alertness and sleep
Arousal
Sense of balance (Vestibular function)
Reflexes to seeing and hearing (startle response)

Hippocampus
A ridge in the floor of each lateral ventricle of the
brain that
Consists mainly of gray matter
Plays a major role in memory processes
Takes sensory inputs
Integrates them with preexisting memories
Binds the information from the new sensory input
into storable patterns of relational memories.

Memo
ry

Use

Patterning

Encoding process:

Memory is Sustained by use

Construction of concept
memory

Thinking Brain and Reactive


Brain
Sensory information enters the brain,
It is routed into:
1. The prefrontal cortex, the thinking brain,
Consciously process and reflect on information;
Or
2. The lower, automatic brain, the REACTIVE BRAIN,
Reacts to information instinctively.

The thinking brain is actually only 17% of your


brain; the rest makes up the reactive brain.
When your stress levels are down and your interest is high,
the most valuable information tends to pass into your

thinking brain.
when you are anxious, sad, frustrated, or bored,
Sensory information from around you conducted into

reactive brain.
Reactive brain does one of three things with the
information:

1.Ignore itl
2.Fight against it as a negative experience( sending
signals that may cause you to act inappropriately);
3.Avoid it (causing you to daydream)

What you can do


To have brain to work optimally:
A: keep physically healthy
B. Well rested
C. Develop awareness of and some control over
your emotions.
Practice focusing and observing yourself,
For example, by taking a short break from work to
check in with your emotions.

Reference:
http://medicalsciences.med.unsw.edu.au/students
/undergradyate/neuroscience/introduction/what-n
euroscience
http://www.cc.ca/news2/interactives/brain.
http://www.teachthrought.com/learning/how-the-m
emory-works-in-learning/
http://www.teachthought.com/uncategorized/how-t
he-brain-works-and-how-students-can-respond/

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