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An Introduction To Density: by Helen Hanson & John Macaluso

This document provides an introduction to density. It defines density as the ratio of an object's mass to its volume. Different methods for calculating density are presented, including using the mass and volume of a sample directly in the density formula, and finding the volume of water displaced by an object to determine its volume. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating density from given values of mass and volume or vice versa. The relationships between density, mass, volume, and floating versus sinking are explored.

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MUHAMMAD AKRAM
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views

An Introduction To Density: by Helen Hanson & John Macaluso

This document provides an introduction to density. It defines density as the ratio of an object's mass to its volume. Different methods for calculating density are presented, including using the mass and volume of a sample directly in the density formula, and finding the volume of water displaced by an object to determine its volume. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating density from given values of mass and volume or vice versa. The relationships between density, mass, volume, and floating versus sinking are explored.

Uploaded by

MUHAMMAD AKRAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

An Introduction to Density

by
Helen Hanson &
John Macaluso

lecturePLUS Timberl

Density
Density is the ratio of the mass of an object to
its volume
D =

mass = m
volume
V
Units are g/cm3

Note: 1 mL = 1 cm3
lecturePLUS Timberl

Learning Check 1
Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its
density in g/cm3 if 50.00 g of the metal occupies
a volume of 2.22cm3?

lecturePLUS Timberl

Solution
Placing the mass and volume of the osmium metal
into the density setup, we obtain
D = mass = 50.00 g
volume 2.22cm3
= 22.5225 g/cm3
= 22.52 g/cm3
lecturePLUS Timberl

Volume Displacement
A solid displaces a matching volume of water when the solid is placed in water.

25 mL

33 mL
25 mL

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Learning Check 2
What is the density (g/cm3) of 48 g of a metal if
the metal raises the level of water in a graduated
cylinder from 25 mL to 33 mL?
1) 0.2 g/ cm3 2) 6 g/m3 3) 252 g/cm3

33 mL
25 mL
lecturePLUS Timberl

Solution
2) 6 g/cm3
Volume (mL) of water displaced
= 33 mL - 25 mL = 8 mL
Volume of metal (cm3)
= 8 mL x 1 cm3 =
1 mL
Density of metal =
mass
volume

= 48 g
8 cm3

8 cm3

= 6 g/cm3

lecturePLUS Timberl

Methods for Finding Volume


The density can also be found by calculating
the volume of an object and measuring its
mass.

height

V=(length)(width)(height)

width
length

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Density of a Cylinder

What is the density of a cylinder with a


mass of 250.0g, a radius of 2.0 cm, and a
height of 10.0 cm?
r
h

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Density of a Cylinder
Vcylinder = r2h = x 5 x 5 x 10 (cm)(cm)(cm)
= 250 cm3
r
r = radius
h = height
D = 250/(250) g/cm3
D = m/V
D =1/ g/cm3
m = 250.0 g
D = 0.318 g/cm3
lecturePLUS Timberl

10

Why Do Things Float?


Things (whether solid, liquid or gas) with
LESS density will float in a liquid with
GREATER density.

For example, this is why a stone (with HIGH


density) will sink in water (LOW density), but
a cork (LOW density) will float in water.
lecturePLUS Timberl

11

Learning Check 3
Which diagram represents the liquid layers in
the cylinder?
(K) Karo syrup (1.4 g/mL), (V) vegetable oil
(0.91 g/mL,) (W) water (1.0 g/mL)

1)

2)

3)

lecturePLUS Timberl

12

Solution
(K) Karo syrup (1.4 g/mL), (V) vegetable oil
(0.91 g/mL,) (W) water (1.0 g/mL)

1)
V
W
K
lecturePLUS Timberl

13

Density as Conversion Factors


A substance has a density of 3.8 g/mL.
Density

= 3.8

Equality

g/mL

3.8 g = 1 mL

Conversion factors:
3.8 g
1 mL

and

1 mL
3.8 g

lecturePLUS Timberl

14

Density Connections
Mass

Volume

kg L
g mL (cm3)
mg
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15

Learning Check
The density of octane, a component of
gasoline, is 0.702 g/mL. What is the mass, in
kg, of 875 mL of octane?
1) 0.614 kg
2) 614 kg
3) 1.25 kg
lecturePLUS Timberl

16

Solution
1) 0.614 kg
Unit plan: mL g kg
Equalities: 1 mL = 0.702 g and 1 kg = 1000 g
Setup:
875 mL x 0.702 g
1 mL

1 kg
1000 g

density
metric
factor
factor
lecturePLUS Timberl

= 0.614 kg

17

Learning Check
If blood has a density of 1.05 g/mL, how
many liters of blood are donated if 575 g of
blood are given?
1) 0.548 L
2) 1.25 L
3) 1.83 L
lecturePLUS Timberl

18

Solution
1) Unit Plan: g

575 g x

mL

1 mL x 1 L
=
1.05 g
1000 mL

lecturePLUS Timberl

0.548 L

19

Learning Check
A group of students collected 125 empty
aluminum cans to take to the recycling
center. If each can has a mass of 3g what
volume of aluminum can be made if the
cans were melted (Hint: d = 2.7 g/mL)?
1) 0.139L 2) 207 L 3) 4.85 L
lecturePLUS Timberl

20

Solution
1) 1.0 L
125 cans x

3g
= 375g = mass
1 can
So, V = mass = 375g = 139mL = 0.139L
density 2.7 g/mL

lecturePLUS Timberl

21

Learning Check
You have 3 metal samples. Which one will displace
the greatest volume of water?
1
2
3
25 g Al
2.70 g/mL

45 g of gold
19.3 g/mL

lecturePLUS Timberl

75 g of Lead
11.3 g/mL

22

Solution
1)

25 g Al x

1 mL = 9.2 mL
2.70 g

25 g Al
2.70 g/mL

lecturePLUS Timberl

23

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