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Study of Drag Redution Over A Blunt Cone by Heat Addtion Into The Shock Layer

This document describes a study on reducing drag and aerodynamic heating over a 60 degree blunt cone in hypersonic flow through heat addition to the shock layer. A team of students conducted a numerical analysis using the software CATIA to model the cone, GAMBIT for meshing, and FLUENT for computational fluid dynamics analysis. The study analyzed flow parameters like pressure, temperature and drag with and without heat addition. Previous literature on experimental studies showing up to 47% drag reduction using similar techniques was also reviewed.

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56 views

Study of Drag Redution Over A Blunt Cone by Heat Addtion Into The Shock Layer

This document describes a study on reducing drag and aerodynamic heating over a 60 degree blunt cone in hypersonic flow through heat addition to the shock layer. A team of students conducted a numerical analysis using the software CATIA to model the cone, GAMBIT for meshing, and FLUENT for computational fluid dynamics analysis. The study analyzed flow parameters like pressure, temperature and drag with and without heat addition. Previous literature on experimental studies showing up to 47% drag reduction using similar techniques was also reviewed.

Uploaded by

black leg
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STUDY OF DRAG REDUTION OVER

A BLUNT CONE BY HEAT ADDTION INTO THE


SHOCK LAYER

FIRST REVIEW
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:

MS.A.USHA BHARATHI,
ASST PROFESSOR,
Department of aeronautical engineering,
Jeppiaar engineering college.
TEAM MEMBERS:
M.SABARI
(30609101043)
K.SUNDERARAJAN
N.VIGNESH KUMAR

(30609101056)
(30609101060)

ABSTRACT
Two vital problems in hypersonic flights are large wave drag and
aerodynamic heating
In this study, the effect of heat addition in to the shock layer for the
reduction of total drag and aerodynamic heating around the 60 o apex
blunt cone body in hypersonic turbulent flow is investigated numerically.
Flow field around the blunt body is calculated numerically in the free
stream of hypersonic Mach number .
Numerical solutions of Navier-Stokes equation and energy equation
governing the turbulent flow of a compressible fluid are obtained using
CFD software, Fluent.
Computation of flow parameters such as pressure, total drag, thermal
conductivity and temperature is made in the absence of heat addition and
also in the heat addition.

SCOPE

To reduce the aerodynamic heating and


wave drag in the hypersonic flow over a blunt
cone body.

SOFTWARES USED
CATIA-V5
GAMBIT

- Modelling Tool

FLUENT

-Analysis

- Meshing

INTRODUCTION
HYPERSONIC FLOW:
The term has generally been assumed to refer to the
speed of mach number 5 and above.
WAVE DRAG:
The shock wave in supersonic flow will create a
new source of drag, known as wave drag.
AERODYNAMIC HEATING:
At the high speed due to frictional forces air gets
heated,net results in heat transfer to adjacent surface.

NAVIER STOKE EQUATION:

The momentum equations for a viscous flow were identified as the navier stoke
equations,which is historically accurate.In cfd literature this equation can be considered
as the entire system of flow equation for the solution of viscous flow such as
continuity,energy and momentum equation.
ENERGY EQUATION:

It is mostly used for all the compressible flows.


SHEAR STRESS TRANSPORT MODEL:

The shear-stress transport turbulence model of Menter was derived to predict an


accurate separated flow in the adverse pressure gradient flowfield, but it has sometimes
failed to analyze these regions due to the strong shock/boundary-layer interaction.

Why we use blunt nosed body more prefer than the


sharp nosed body in hypersonic flow
This is to prevent the burning of the vehicle due to aerodynamic
heating in the atmosphere. Though this protects the payload or the warhead,
enhanced wave drag is the penalty paid for adopting blunt body configurations
to reduce the aero-thermal loads on space vehicles travelling at hypersonic
speeds.
All the rockets worldwide use the blunt cones because a conical nose would
have higher temperature at the base than the hypersonic optimum but lower
temperature at the tip. Hence the payload inside the nose can be safe from the
aerodynamic heating

ACTION PLAN

LITERATURE SURVEY
AERODYNAMIC DRAG REDUCTION BY HEAT ADDITION INTO THE SHOCK
LAYER FOR A LARGE ANGLE BLUNT CONE IN HYPERSONIC FLOW K.P.J.Reddy et al. (2008) studied the reduction in aerodynamic drag for a large angle blunt
cone flying at hypersonic Mach number by heat addition into the shock layer using a hypersonic
shock tunnel. The heat addition is achieved by the exothermic reaction of chromium atoms ablated
from the stagnation region of the chromium coated blunt cone with the atomic oxygen behind the
shock wave. The measurements showed about 47% reduction in the drag coefficient for a 60 apex
angle blunt cone in a Mach 8 flow of 3.4 MJ/kg specific enthalpy.

EFFECT OF COUNTERFLOW JET ON ATTENUATION OF DRAG AND


AERODYNAMIC HEATING OVER A CONEOGIVE BODY IN HYPERSONIC FLOW Anjalidevi et al. (2010) numerically investigated the effect of counter flow jet for the
reduction of total drag and aerodynamic heating around the cone give body in hypersonic turbulent
flow using k- turbulence model. Flow field around the blunt body is calculated numerically in
the free stream of Mach number of 6.5. Numerical solutions of Navier-Stokes equation and energy
equation governing the turbulent flow of a compressible fluid are obtained using CFD software,
Fluent. Shear Stress Transport (SST) model is used to obtain the numerical solutions.

THE HIGH SPEED FLOW INTERACTIONS FOR SHORT PROTUBERANCES Salimuddin Zahir and Zhengyin Ye (2007) analysed the High speed flow interactions for short
protuberances installed on a standard blunt cone configuration and they found that aerodynamic
effects were analogous to lateral jet-interactions for Mach 3.5 to 9.7 on a conic geometry at
incidence. Static aerodynamic coefficients, axial and lateral pressure distributions were determined
using CFD tools for flow interaction effects of pitched short protuberance geometries of
cylindrical cross-section.
THE EFFECT OF ENERGY DEPOSITION USING AN ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE K. Satheesh and G. Jagadeesh (2007) studied the effect of energy deposition using an electric arc
discharge, upstream of a 60 half angle blunt cone configuration in a hypersonic flow stream has
been studied. Investigations involving drag measurements and high speed Schlieren flow
visualization have been carried out in IISc hypersonic shock tunnel HST2 at Mach 9 using both air
and argon as the test gases. An unsteady drag reduction of about 50% (maximum reduction) has
been observed in the energy deposition experiments carried out in argon environment. These
studies also show that the effect of discharge on the flow field is more pronounced in argon
environment as compared to air, which confirms that thermal effects are mainly responsible for
flow alteration with discharge.

ESTIMATION OF DRAG COEFFICIENT


The theoretical estimate of the drag coefficient for the blunt cone in
Mach 8 flow is calculated using the following empirical relation
CD=(0.0016+0.002/M2) 1.7+CL2
M=8
=30
CD=0.53
where CD is the drag coefficient,
CL is the lift coefficient at the angle of attack , is the semiapex angle of the blunt
cone, and M is the flow Mach number. For the present blunt cone model at zero
degree angle of attack in the Mach 8 hypersonic flow, the estimated drag coefficient
is 0.53

FLOWFIELD OVER A SUPERSONIC


BLUNT NOSE BODY

FLOWFIELD OVER A SUPERSONIC BLUNT


NOSE BODY
The strong curved bow shock wave which is located infront of
the blunt cone ,detached from the nose by the distance,called
the shock detachment distance.
The calculation of this flow field,including the shape and
location of the shock wave,was one of the most perplexing
aerodynamic problems.
Millions of research dollars were spent to solve this supersonic
blunt body problem- to no avail.

CATIA MODEL
The 3-D model of the cone was created using catia software is shown below.

FRONT VIEW

NOSE CONE PARAMETERS

MODEL IMPORTED TO GAMBIT


The model created using CATIA was imported into GAMBIT and the figure is shown
above.

REFERENCES

1. Aerodynamic drag reduction by heat addition into the shock layer


for a large angle blunt cone in hypersonic flow by Vinayak Kulkarni, G.
M. Hegde, G. Jagadeesh, E. Arunan, and K. P. J. Reddy, PHYSICS OF
FLUIDS 20, 2008.
2.Effect of counterflow jet on attenuation of drag and aerodynamic
heating over a coneogive body in hypersonic flow by S. P. Anjalidevi and
S. Aruna , Int. J. of Appl. Math and Mech. 7 (7): 95-122, 2011
3.Experiments on a Blunt Cone Model in a Hypersonic Shock Tunnel
by Niranjan Sahoo 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference

4.Turbulence models for CFD by Wilcox


5.Hypersonic Flow Interaction of Pitched Plates on Blunted Cone
at Incidence by Salimuddin Zahir and Zhengyin Ye,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS
AND METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES, Issue 3, Volume 1, 2007
6.High speed schlieren facility for visualization of flow fields in
hypersonic shock tunnels by K. Satheesh, G. Jagadeesh* and K. P. J.
Reddy, CURRENT SCIENCE, 56 VOL. 92, NO. 1, 10 JANUARY 2007
7.Small disturbance navier-stokes computations

8.Employing the wilcox k-omega turbulence model by


Alexander Pechloff _ , Boris Laschka., 27th INTERNATIONAL
CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES
9.G. R. Srinivasan and R. R. Chamberlain, Drag reduction of
spiked missile by heat addition, AIAA, Atmospheric Flight
Mechanics Conferenceand Exhibit, 2004, Vol. 4714.
10.J. P. Reding and D. M. Jecmen, Effects of external
burning on spikeinduced separated flows, J. Spacecr.
Rockets 20, 452 _198.

Thank you

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