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Psychrometric Chart Basics

The document discusses psychrometric charts and their use in visualizing air properties. Psychrometric charts graphically depict the relationships between dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, enthalpy, wet bulb temperature and other air properties. Lines of constant values for various properties like humidity ratio, enthalpy and wet bulb temperature are shown on the charts. Examples are provided to illustrate how to read state points and calculate air property values using the psychrometric chart.

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kdsahoo
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50 views64 pages

Psychrometric Chart Basics

The document discusses psychrometric charts and their use in visualizing air properties. Psychrometric charts graphically depict the relationships between dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, enthalpy, wet bulb temperature and other air properties. Lines of constant values for various properties like humidity ratio, enthalpy and wet bulb temperature are shown on the charts. Examples are provided to illustrate how to read state points and calculate air property values using the psychrometric chart.

Uploaded by

kdsahoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 64

Psychrometric

Chart
Basics

Basic Concepts

Saturation Line
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

140

130

120

110

Staturation Line

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

Constant Dry Bulb Temperature


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

140

130

Constant Dry Bulb Temperature

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

Constant Humidity Ratio


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

140

130

Constant Humidity Ratio

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

Constant Humidity Ratio


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

140

De
w

130

Constant Humidity Ratio

Te
m
pe
ra
tu
re

120

110

100

90

80

70

tio

60

Sa
tu
ra

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

Po
i

nt

150

Constant Relative Humidity


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

140

130

Constant Relative Humidity

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

Constant Specific Volume


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

150

140

130

Constant Specific Volume

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUM IDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF M OISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

160

Constant Wet Bulb Temperature


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200
85
190

180

170
80

150

Constant Web Bulb Temperature

140

75

130

120
70
110

100

65

90
60

80

70

55

60

50

50

45

40

40
35

30

30
25

20

20
10

10

15
10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

160

Constant Enthalpy
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

160

Constant Enthalpy

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

Constant Enthalpy and Web Bulb


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200
85
190

180

170
80

150

Constant Enthalpy
and
Constant Web Bulb

140

75

130

120
70
110

100

65

90
60

80

70

55

60

50

50

45

40

40
35

30

30
25

20

20
10

10

15
10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

160

Typical Chart With Enthalpy Lines


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

210

Lexington, Kentucky USA

1.3

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury


200
85

85

190

1.2

180
1.1

170
80

80

160

120
70
110

100

65

90
60

80

70

55

20

20
15

10

15

20

25

30

35

.5

55
.4

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

.3

40

DEW POINT - F

30

25

10

60

45

35

.6

40

30

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

65

50

40

.7

50

45

.8

70

60

50

10

.9
75

35

.2

30
25
20
10
0
-20

.1

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

130

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

140

75

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

1.0
150

Typical Chart Without Enthalpy Lines


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

210

Lexington, Kentucky USA

1.3

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury


200
85

85

190

1.2

180
1.1

170
80

80

160

120
70
110

100

65

90
60

80

70

55

20

20
15

10

15

20

25

30

35

55
.4

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

.3

40

DEW POINT - F

30

25

10

.5

45

35

60

40

30

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

.6

50

45

65

50

40

10

.7

60

50

.8

70

35

.2

30
25
20
10
0
-20

.1

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

130

.9
75

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

140

75

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

1.0
150

State Point
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Lexington, Kentucky USA

210

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

190

180

170

150

140

130

120

110

100

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

160

State Point
90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

Reading a Psychrometric Chart Practice

State Point

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%

State Point 70 F
210
200
190
180

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

170
160
150
140
130

Constant Dry Bulb Temperature

120
110

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

Dry Bulb

55

60

65

70

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

State Point 60%

Wet-bulb

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Wet-bulb temperature = ? F

Wet-bulb

Wet-bulb

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Wet-bulb temperature = 61 F

Dew Point

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Dew point = ?

Dew Point

Dew
Dew Point

Dew Point

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Dew point = 55.5 F

Specific Volume

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Specific volume = ?

Specific Volume

Specific Volume

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative Humidity = 60%
Specific volume = 13.6 ft3 / lb dry air

Humidity Ratio

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Humidity ratio = ?

Humidity Ratio

Humidity Ratio
Sea Level Chart
Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Humidity ratio = 0.0094 lb water / lb dry air
or
7000 grains = 1 lb water
7000 x 0.0094 = 65.8

Enthalpy

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Enthalpy = ?

Enthalpy

Enthalpy

Sea Level Chart


Dry-bulb temperature = 70 F
Relative humidity = 60%
Enthalpy = 27.0 Btu / lb dry air

Calculating Air Property Values

http://linricsoftw.web127.discountasp.net/webpsycalc.aspx

Sensible Heating

Raise Room Temperature 1 degree F


Constant Humidity Ratio

27.31 Btu/lb
27.06 Btu/lb
00.25 Btu/lb

Raise Room Temperature 1 degree F


Constant Humidity Ratio
Length (ft) x Width (ft) x Height (ft) = Volume (ft3)
Volume (ft3) / Specific Volume (ft3/lb) = Mass of Air (lb)
Mass of Air (lb) x Enthalpy Change (Btu/lb) = Heat Input (Btu)
Bedroom
12 x 12 x 8 = 1152 ft3
1152 / 14.02 = 82.17 lb
82.17 x 0.25 = 20.54 Btu

Heating System Example


PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

210

Lexington, Kentucky USA

1) Return Air 65 F and 60%


2) Supply Air 95 F and 22%

1.3

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200
85

190

1.2

180
1.1

170
80

160

130

120

110

100

90

80

.9
75

.8

70
.7

65
.6

60

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

140

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

Furnace
Expected
Result

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

1.0
150

supply air from furnace


70

.5

55

.4

60
50
50

45
40

30

20

10

10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

.3

40

DEW POINT - F

return air to furnace

35

.2

30
25
20
10
0
-20

.1

Heating System Example


CHART
1) PSYCHROMETRIC
Return
65
Lexington,
Kentucky
USAF and 60%
2) Supply 95 F and 18%

Measured Values

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

210
1.3
200
85

190

How is this possible?

1.2

180

1.1

170
80

160

120

110

100

90

80

70

return air to furnace

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

65
.6

60
.5

55
.4

50

50

45

40

55

60

65

70

75

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

.3

40

DEW POINT - F

10

.7

60

20

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

70

2 supply air from furnace


30

.8

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

130

.9
75

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

140

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

1.0
150

35

.2

30
25
20
10
0
-20

.1

Mixing Air Streams

Energy Balance

ma1
h1
w1

ma1 h1 + ma2 h2 = ma3 h3


ma3
h3
w3

Mass Balance
ma1 w1 + ma2 w 2 = ma3 w 3
By Algebra

ma2
h2
w2

h2 h3 = w 2 w 3 = ma1
h3 h1

w3 w1

ma2

Mixing Air Streams


Resulting mixture lies on the line between the
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
two state points.
210

Lexington, Kentucky USA

1.3

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

200

85

85

190

1.2

Mixing Two Equal Air Streams = the center of the line


180

1.1

170

80

130

120
70
110

100

65

90
60

80

70

55

20

20

10

20

25

30

35

.5

55
.4

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

D EW PO INT - F

30

15

15

60

.3

40

35

10

.6

45

30

65

40

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

.7

50

45

.8

70

50

40

10

.9
75

60

50

1.0

35

.2

30
25
20
10
0
-20

.1

E NT H ALP Y - BT U PER P OU N D O F DR Y AIR

140

75

80

VAPO R P R ESSU R E - IN CH E S O F M E RC U RY

150

H UM ID IT Y R AT IO - G R AIN S O F M O IST U R E PE R P O U ND O F D RY AIR

160

Heating System Example


CHART
1) PSYCHROMETRIC
Return
65
Lexington,
Kentucky
USAF and 60%
2) Supply 95 F and 18%

Measured Values

BAROMETRIC PRESSURE 28.874 inches of Mercury

210
1.3
200
85

190

How is this possible?

1.2

180

1.1

170
80

160

120

110

100

90

80

70

return air to furnace

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

65
.6

60
.5

55
.4

50

50

45

40

55

60

65

70

75

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

.3

40

DEW POINT - F

10

.7

60

20

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

70

2 supply air from furnace


30

.8

ENTHALPY - BTU PER POUND OF DRY AIR

130

.9
75

VAPOR PRESSURE - INCHES OF MERCURY

140

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

1.0
150

35

.2

30
25
20
10
0
-20

.1

Heating System Example

Heating System Example

Cooling

Cooling Systems

Cooling Systems

Solving the General Equations


for Air Conditioning
Total Heat
q = (cfm) (4.5) (h)
q = Btuh
h = enthalpy, Btu per lb dry air
Sensible Heat
q = (cfm) (1.08) (t)
t = temperature F
Latent Heat
q = (cfm) (4840) (w)
w = humidity ratio, lb water per lb dry air

Solving the General Equations


for Air Conditioning - Sources of Error
Sensible Heat
q (Btuh) = (cfm) (1.08) (t)
(t) = q (Btuh)
(cfm) (1.08)
cfm lower - (t) higher
cfm higher - (t) lower
q lower - (t) lower
q higher - (t) higher

Standard Operation of an Air Conditioner

12,000 Btuh / ton


400 cfm /ton
Sensible heat fraction = 0.70
Latent heat fraction = 0.30

Standard Operation of an Air Conditioner


Total Heat
q = (cfm) (4.5) (h)
12,000 = (400) (4.5) (h)
(h) = 27.3 Btu / lb dry air
Sensible Heat
q = (cfm) (1.08) (t)
12,000 (0.7) = (400) (1.08) (t)
(t) = 19 F
Latent Heat
q = (cfm) (4840) (w)
12,000 (.3) = (400) (4840) (w)
(w) = 0.002 lb water / lb dry air

Standard Operation of an Air Conditioner

Operation of an Air Conditioner

What if humidity ratio of return air


equals the humidity ratio of the
supply air?

Air Conditioner Example

Air Conditioner Example

Air Conditioner Example

0.002
0.002

Air Conditioner Example

0.002
19 F

Evaporative Cooling

180

Annual Hourly Outside Air Conditions Lexington KY

170

80

160

140

75

130

120
70
110

100

65

90
60

80

70

55

60

50

50

45

40

40
35

30

30
25

20

20
10

10

15
10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

Human Comfort Zones

180

Annual Hourly Outside Air Conditions Phoenix, AZ

170

160

80

140
75
130

120
70

110

100
65
90

80

60

70
55
60
50
50
45
40

40
35

30

30
25

20

10

20

25

30

35

40

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

45

50

55

60

65

70

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

Crawl Space Conditions


Example

180

Annual Hourly Outside Air Conditions Lexington KY

170

80

160

140

75

130

120
70
110

100

65

90
60

80

70

55

60

50

50

45

40

40
35

30

30
25

20

20
10

10

15
10

15

20

25

Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAINS OF MOISTURE PER POUND OF DRY AIR

150

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