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Lecture 13 Solid Modelling

This document provides an overview of different solid modeling techniques including: - Hyperpatch representations using Bezier, B-spline, and NURBS surfaces to model free-form solids. - Primitive instancing which models parts as combinations of primitive shapes stored in a library. - Sweep representations that sweep profiles along paths to generate solids. - Constructive solid geometry (CSG) that combines primitives using Boolean operations. - Boundary representation (B-Rep) that defines solids by their enclosing surfaces and connectivity. - Decomposition methods like octrees and voxels that break solids into adjoining primitives.

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Pranav Madaan
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72 views

Lecture 13 Solid Modelling

This document provides an overview of different solid modeling techniques including: - Hyperpatch representations using Bezier, B-spline, and NURBS surfaces to model free-form solids. - Primitive instancing which models parts as combinations of primitive shapes stored in a library. - Sweep representations that sweep profiles along paths to generate solids. - Constructive solid geometry (CSG) that combines primitives using Boolean operations. - Boundary representation (B-Rep) that defines solids by their enclosing surfaces and connectivity. - Decomposition methods like octrees and voxels that break solids into adjoining primitives.

Uploaded by

Pranav Madaan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 13: Solid Modeling

SOLID MODELING
Hyperpatch Representation of Free-from Solids
Hermite Hyperpatch
Algebraic form
Geometric form
n-point form
Bezier Hyperpatch ( l by m by n points)
B-spline Hyperpatch (l by m by n points)
NURBS Hyperpatch (l by m by n points &
weights)

SOLID MODELING
Primitive Instancing
Part is modeled as a combination of primitives.
Large number of primitives need to be stored in
library to model variety of objects.
Every primitive can be completely and uniquely
defined by a fixed number of parameters.

SOLID MODELING
Primitive Instancing

Primitive

Instances of Primitive

SOLID MODELING
Primitive Instancing

Primitive

Example Primitive
D5

D1
D2
D4
D6 = DEPTH

D3

Primitives

SOLID MODELING
Sweep Representation of Solids
A polygon or a surface or a solid is swept

along a path of given curve to obtain a solid.


Linear Sweep (Extruded Solid) and Circular
Sweep (Solid of Revolution) are special cases
of Generic Sweep.
This is a convenient method of construction
and storage of solids.

Swept solids

SOLID MODELING
Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)
This is a solid modeling method that combines
simple solid primitives to build more complex
models using Boolean operators: union,
difference and intersection.
The resulting model is a procedural model stored
in the mathematical form of a binary tree where
leaf nodes are solid primitives, correctly sized and
positioned, and each branch node is a Boolean
operator.

SOLID MODELING
Constructive Solid Geometry

CSG

SOLID MODELING
Constructive Solid Geometry
Many objects can be built using simple

primitives such as cuboid, cylinder, cone,


sphere, torus etc.
Solids obtained by sweeping can be used
together with primitives.
Convenient method for construction and
storage of solid objects.

SOLID MODELING
Boundary Representation (B-Rep)
In this representation solid objects are
represented as unions of their boundaries or
enclosing surfaces. The enclosing surfaces
can include planar polygons, quadrics and
free-form surface patches.
In this scheme topological and geometric
information are explicitly defined

SOLID MODELING
Boundary Representation
Topological information provides the
relationships among vertices, edges/curves
and aces/patches. In addition to connectivity,
topological information also includes
orientation of edges and faces etc.
Geometric information usually consists of
equations of the edges/curves and
faces/patches.

SOLID MODELING
Boundary Representation

Objects with Same topology but with


different geometry

SOLID MODELING
Boundary Representation
This representation is a convenient one for
evaluation of many intrinsic and relational
properties of solids.
Conversion from of Constructive Solid
Geometry (CSG) to Boundary
Representation (Brep) is called boundary
evaluation.

B-Rep to CSG

B-Rep to CSG

Validity checking of solids


Eulers equation
F-E+V-L = 2(B-G)
(A simpler version F-E+V =2 applies to polyhedral objects)
F Number of faces
E- Number of edges
V-Number of vertices
B-Number of bodies
G-Genus (represents through holes/features)

Validity checking of solids

Validity checking of solids

SOLID MODELING
Decomposition Methods
In decomposition methods, a solid is
decomposed into a collection of adjoining,
non-intersecting solid primitives.
Two of the important methods under this
category are:
Octree Based Modeling
Voxel Based Modeling

DECOMPOSITION METHODS

DECOMPOSITION METHODS

DECOMPOSITION METHODS

SOLID MODELING
Decomposition Methods
This is not a convenient method for building
objects.
This type of model can be used to quickly
calculate volumetric properties and
intersections of geometric objects.
Cells need not be of same size and shape

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